ANTIPERSPIRANT AND DEODORANT PRODUCTS 109 7. Wednesday. Repeat Tuesday's routine of applying preparation and collecting weights of perspiration. CalculatepR. 8. Thursday. Repeat Wednesday's routine. CalculatepR. 9. Tabulation of data. Average the usable data, control and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 applications of the test preparation and note the alteration in the pR as a result of the antiperspirant preparation. COMMENTS ON THE ANTIPERSPIRANT TEST Numbers refer to the corresponding numbers of the paragraphs of the test procedure. 1. The paragraph is self-explanatory. 2. Pads used must cover the perspiring area of the axilla which is delineated by the hairy area. Pads used by various workers have been made of: (a) Absorbent paper wrapped in gauze and measuring about 3 X and •/•. inch thick. This pad when folded and shaped like an in- verted U was easily retained in direct contact with the axillary sur- face when the upper arm held is close to the body. (b) Zobec pads of J & J are held in place by means of ping pong balls. (c) Webril No..#R2801 pad material from Kendall Mills serves as the absorbing material. Other means of determining amounts of perspiration in L & R axillae such as snug fitting metal cups with dry air circulating may serve as a better technique. The arbitrary figure of 100 mg. of perspiration as a minimum is based on experience in the handling of pads. Depending on the laboratory conducting tests related to the method described here, the subject has been subjected to various conditions. (d) Subject continues at regular work but in such a way that the pads are retained in close proximity to the axillary surface. (e) Subject placed in conditioned room with hands and wrists immersed in warm to hot water. (f) Subject exercising in a conditioned room on an exercycle. (g) Subject walks a treadmill in a conditioned room. In general, elevated temperature conditions can increase the output of perspiration but the pR of the subject is not altered by these conditions. To facilitate the collection of data, it may be advisable to subject the sub- ject to conditions stimulating perspiration. Because pads can slip out of place during the time of wearing and possibly affect the quantity of perspiration absorbed, the number of pieces of data will depend on the agreement of the pR's determined. 3. If Monday is devoted to obtaining control data, the first application

110 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS of the preparation under test can be made at 9 a.m. Tuesday morning and perspiration weights gathered from 10 a.m. on. The test would then extend to Friday so that one could obtain data on 4 applications of the test product. The product is applied to thoroughly cover the hairy portion of the axilla. (Experience has shown that antiperspirant creams have not come off on the pads for collecting the perspiration to affect the weights of the pad.) 4-8. Comments on these sections have been taken care of under 1, 2 and 3. 9. The per cent effectiveness of the preparation is calculated for each day the subject is on the test. For preliminary work to check this ratio method, which is presented here because several laboratories have obtained agreement, a bench mark prep- aration should be agreed upon. One laboratory has found a buffered Aluminum Chloride solution to be an effective product with multiple appli- cations. This preparation is suggested as the bench mark preparation to be used in checking agreement between laboratories in establishing this pro- cedure. PROCEDURE FOR DEODORANT TEST 1. Subject not to use any deodorant or antiperspirant for a week also use no deodorant soap for this week (olive oil, castile, ivory or other bland soap permissible in axillary areas). No shaving of the axilla is required. 2. Test day, 9 a.m. Determine odor levels in L and R axillae according to the following scale: 0 none, 1 slight, 2 definite, 3 strong and overpower- ing. 3. 9:05 a.m. Apply to one axilla the preparation under test. 4. 3 p.m. Determine odor levels in L and R axillae of the subject. 5. If subject is used on succeeding days, the control axilla should be kept as the control. 6. Tabulate results on subjects who have at least a 2 odor in the control axilla. COMMENTS ON THE DEODORANT TEST Numbers refer to the corresponding numbers of the paragraphs of the test procedure. 1. The paragraph is self explanatory. 2. The odor levels enumerated have been published in an article in Soap. A group of some 30 persons interested in deodorant testing and representing 16 laboratories had a meeting to discuss axillary odors. Their conclusion was that the odor was characteristic and that essentially 5 levels can serve to answer evaluation questions. The level of "overpowering"