328 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Vehicles and Solvents The vehicles and solvents in general use comprise the major part of cosmetic products. They are all "resident" materials except Freons, alcohol and water. Subject to further evidence showing contrary indications, the following were considered safe in use for all types of cosmetics: Category C. Solids: Talc, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, starch, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, zinc stearate, titanium oxide, magnesium stearate, aluminium stearate, calcium stearate, aluminium hydroxide, alu~ minium silicate, calcium sulphate, barium sulphate, bentonite, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phos~ phate, calcium pyrophosphate, fatty acids, hydrogenated vegetable and animal oils, spermaceti, fatty alcohols, ozokerite, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, sugar cane wax, gum tragacanth, gum acacia, alginates, carragheenates, modified celluloses, poly- vinyl pyrrolidone. (The last six named are used as solutions or dispersions in water or alcohol.) Liquids: Water, aromatic waters, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, hexylene glycol, sorbitol 70%, edible oils and fats, fatty acids, the butyl-isopropyl-, and ethyl esters of fatty acids, lanolin, oleyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate. The following were considered acceptable subject to special purity requirements to ensure freedom from carcinogenic impurities: Mineral oil, liquid paraffin, kerosene, petroleum jelly, paraffin wax, microcrystalline WaX o Category C.-t•xt. The following were considered safe in special usages, for example, in nail varnishes--acetone, dibutylphthalate, dioctylphthalate, nitrocellulose, Category C.-W.R. In pressurized products -- trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoro~ methane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, vinyl chloride, methylene chloride, propane/butane mixtures in minor concentrations. The following were considered unacceptable for use in cosmetics: Carbon tetrachloride, methyl alcohol except for denaturation of ethyl alcohol.

PREVENTION OF HAZARDS FROM CHRONIC TOXICITY OF COSMETICS 329 Cold Permanent Waving Preparations Thioglycolates, thiolactates and related compounds are widely used but are very reactive chemically and highly toxic. These compounds shotfid be in the C.-W.R. category. They shotfid be subject to rigid specifications so that impurities, including dithio derivatives and heavy metals, are excluded. The maximum concentration allowed should be 8•o (when sold retail) and the maximum pH 9.5. The hands of hairdressers using these preparations should be protected. ACKNOWL•DGEUENT The meeting was made possible by the generous support of Unilever, Ltd., Thomas Hedley and Co., Ltd., Beecham Group, Ltd., Boots Pure Drug Co., Ltd., Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., and D. R. Collins, Ltd. Participants: Mr. M. Ainsworth Mr. L. T. Bowerman Professor E. Boyland Professor C. D. Cainan Professor A. Castille Professor Sv. Dalgaard-Mikkelsen Dr. J. H. Draize Professor H. Druckrey Dr. W. Eckardt Professor A. C. Frazer Dr. L. Golberg APPENDIX Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment, Porton Down, Wilts., England. Thomas Hedley and Co. Ltd., Newcastle-upon- Tyne, 1, Co. Durham, England. Chester Beatty Research Institute, Fulham Road, London, S.W.3, England. St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, W.C.1, England. Institut de Pharmacie, Universit• de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium. Afedlingen for farmakologi og toksikologi, Copen- hagen V, Denmark. Food and Drug Administration, Washington 25, D.C., U.S.A. Laboratorium der chirurg. Universitats-Khnik, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. Waldweg 2a, Bad Segeberg/Holstein, Germany. University of Birmingham Medical School, Birm- ingham, 15, Warwicks., England. British Industrial Biological Research Association, 93 Regent Street, London, W.1, England.