SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY .. .•. "'" .... '?'¾'"?• L•'•:•'4•:•(. % ,-: ,•z ..... =.•'....•:' '"'.'?"./' . .... '.:.?'.' ' -- j •'•-'•:? ß -•. : -.•, ,,• "•--": :..:'. -, .-: ..... ' . .... .... ...... -. . ,....'?,:' "" .:"- ' '•••..- "u•::4•-•.¾%... •.:'• .?:--:,• '.z •'--•--.•..•?.:' •.'- '"-•-•'••',:'.•.½ •:.' "• •'•':: .½:•' ?.•:•'..•,. .•(¾•-?•,-. :' , ,'7 ß .....-.•'-:::•'•':,•&:? p•½•.' "-'½'-•-'• •':• '.• .:::-'t.½:' ',. ' .s::---:,'..'..., .. ..... ...-... -' .'"..•.:'.': •-'•'t• ß ¾ .,,•-%---•* --•-••••-••••..:.. :?:t,•.-..½...•b•.• -.,?•., .--•x•Z ... •f -:.?..•..."•:7'-.'.•'.::t'" -'• •: '•-...•:••(':..:: .... .. ,•::?':--.,• •:'t/ X•*½...:-,,¾':- ,:,.•.•. - ' ..... :• ........' .?. '•-r-y.?...:•?•, :-:-:.....•:•., •'•,•:• .•:..•?j :: •.•j•...-':-.•-.•.:.. :•½:•:•z: .... •t :•:Z?....:.. .•..: '•••'•:..•..• .... A:.: .. ½:: ...?:.•..,.: 47.,.• :.: •.,..,.•, •..•:•... •.:•.-.•-.•.•.•.•-:½•. ,.,•.• - . ...-,.•:•,½.•._.... ..,•.._•:. ." :%•.:-*:•..•-:: :•'.' ..: ..... .:.,• . ,?..• ß .-':::':.•,,½•.:•-'• .,'.½• ..... •. ½•.••..•.. : .... ß . •... . •.,•.,:•.:'" ,: .. ...:•.. •.:..f•.. '••••••••• ,... ...... ......... -.•-•--:.. .... - .. ..' .' ß ,.•.-•... •-.,• ..... , . ß ,. ß ,.. ß '-U•., .......... -•-•..:'. '.' . ß Figure 2. SEM montage o[ "cobblestone" ski•, •ositive replica, male subject about 30 years old. T•ie• artifacts: (A) ab bles in negative (B) air bubbles i• positive a•d (C) glazed o{ improperly mixed replicating material. Scale bar represents 1000 •m. 515 resin. Type B artifacts are caused by either unstable positive replicating ma- terial, the use of too high a temperature when the positives are made, or not sufficient contact pressure of the positive replica material with the negative. Type B artifacts are not as devastating as type A, as the option always exists for trying to make a better positive from the same negative. Type C artifacts are the most frustrating, since they can be so easily confused with real cos- roetic effects. An emollient, for example, which forms a coating can look sur- prisingly similar to type C artifacts. This type of artifact is almost always the result of either improper mixing of the resin with the catalyst, less than active catalyst, or a resin temperature bel-ow room temperature (resin should be stored under refrigeration to minimize autopolymerization of resin). Since many of the micrographs used in this paper were prepared as long as 4 years ago, not all wfil be of the same high quality as Fig. 1, and special mention will not, in general, be made of these artifacts. The ultimate objective of this work, from the very beginning, was to use this replica approach to demonstrate improvement in the condition of the stratum corncure as a result of the application of a cosmetic product. Hence,
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