410 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE ysv Figure l. The Equilibrium Contact Angle Figure 3. Coulombic Interactions Figure S. Wetting of IS nm. Ti02 Dispersed in Cyclopentasiloxane TIO,CR-137 2110,000�----------- 1SO,OOO 100,000 51,000 .LO_ Untrnwd MS ITT ::·a:,�::. &Hane !' :,:-,:,.:);.::yfR!o:' Figure 7. 75% Pre-mixes in Cl2-15 Alkyl Benzoate with Polyhydroxystearic acid as Dispersant. (a) (b) Figure 2. Steric Interactions lntarpartlc 11i.t• Dlalan"" (nml 0 10 20 30 40 118 �· ···�0 r Vi!.4 1 · 0 ParticleDlame18r(llftl) o(t•f5• t::. -20 Figure 4. Forces of Attractive Energy 7$% In Mineral OH 13% In Cyclo.,.ntullouno GP8 1,soo,000�,.....�-------, cl'9 1,500,000 ......,,--,----------, Toolhlck 14- Toclllidl tomeuun 1,000,000 • ..... ........... ······••·•··•· .••.••••. .,......... 1,000,000 .. ··••· ....•. ······•··•············· .. ·•········•·· IOO,GDO ·• Untreated ITT :TT:'TCS SIiano t M¥'!)J»'YM�f Untruted I T T :r:r.c.s SIi.ina ,:-....o.p:i}'rt,O Figure 6. Treated Iron Oxides Pre-mixes with Silicone/Copolymer Dispersant eltck '"'" Oxla C3Mfllll 400.ooo�---------, 300,000 21IO,OOO 100,000. 48,400 cl'a Untreated 1% all1ne 2% ollono TIO,CR-837 cPa 200.000-r--==--------, 150,000 ·•···· ··············'"·········· ·'···· ········ 100.000 ···•················ ..................... . 50,000 Figure 8. Acqueous Pre-mixes of Polyether-Si lane Treated Pigments

2004 ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR 411 .,,. T10 1 CM:.U7 , ...............--.------------, toe,OOG ·•• UntnatldMI SllaM 2� m TT1I TTI Figure 9. 75% Branched Dimethicone Treated TiO, in Cyclopentasiloxane with a Silicone/Copolymer Dispersant Dispersion Percent P.S. VIKoslly lndonlof P.P.S, (NII) Type P,S, lndaof ro-.ilat1C1 §ol .. ,....., tl'l) Aglo,_,_n -1 ,...._......, tsodoc1«""" a 60% 1n 180 P0l)'hyllr�1•UN1tlc acid lod1dcane a 110' 10 i'allflYlrOrytle!lr1t e.id C 11-" Alkyl &enZOf� 8- � 165 600 : �olyt,ydroxvste•rk acid C�talll onc& -4CS 16! 275 j r£G· 10 OlrrctlliCOM ............... \�3 7.9 1U !1.8 I (·--· 20 2Q·30 120 no, rte, lnO lnO 110 11 143 9.5 !43 ·t 7.2 145 �-11 !79 5.1 250 1.) Table I. Influence of Carrier and Dispersant on Dispenion of 14 run. Methicone Treated TiO, Table 2. Influence of Particle Size on Agglomeration Refereiu;es 1. Al Home, DS Johnson, JA Kilgour, RD Wang (General Electtic Company), US Patent 5,998,542 (1999). 2. JM Gardlik, GJ Guskey, B Curtis (Procter & Gamble), US Patent 6,171,601 (2001). 3. RBK Ha, TJ Fowler (Procter & Gamble), US Patent 5,997,887 (1999). 4. ER Lukenbach, C Cole, P Naik-Satam, R Stutzman (Johnson and Johnson Consumer Products, Inc), US Patent 6,540,986 (2003). 5. MR Neam, SJ Redshaw, G Burgess, Titanimn Dioxide Based Sunscreen Compositions, US Patent 5,498,406, (1996). 6. I Walele, SA Syed,(Finetex, Inc.) US Patent 6,261,713 (2000). 7. C Corcoran, J Zecchino, S Mesin, K Chung (Estee Lauder, Inc.), US Patent 5,468,471, 1994. 8. JM Oyarzun, Pigment Processing, Physico-chemicalPrinciples: 4, 2000. pp 117-166. 9. DH Solomon and DG Hawthorne, Chemistry of Pigments and Fillers: 2, 51-57, 1991 10. D Schlossman and Y Shao (Kobo Products, Inc.), Silicone Dispersants and Physical Sunscreen Dispersions, Recent Developments, SCC Florida Chapter Sun Screen Symposium September 12, 2003. 11. D Schlossman and Y Shao (Kobo Products, Inc.), Super Dispersible Pigments for Color Cosmetics, Color Cosmetics Summit 2003, Montreal, Quebec, October 20-22, 2003. 12. D Schlossman and Y Shao (Kobo Products, Inc.), Silicone Dispersants and Physical Sunscreen Dispersions, Recent Developments, The European Sunfilters Conference -Paris October 14-15, 2003. 13. H Ono, T Matsui, I Miyamoto (Asahi Kasei KK), US Patent 6,541,627 (2003) 14. RA Williams, FJ Dickin (Disperse Technologies Lmited), US Patent 6,210,972 (2001).