MELANOSOME TRANSFER EVALUATION 203 and technological approach is easily adaptable to the achievement of middle- or high- throughput screenings and could then provide a useful tool for the development of new cosmetic whitening products. It could also be used as a way to confi rm and quantify the whitening action of currently developed products. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are very thankful to Julie Le Luhant (EFFISCIENCE) for very good technical support. The authors also thank Andrew Menzies (www.menzies.fr) for his rapid and un- derstanding linguistic support. REFERENCES (1) W. Berens, K. Van den Bossche, T. J. Yoon, W. Westbroek, J. C. Valencia, C. J. Out, J. M. Naeyaert, V. J. Hearing, and J. Lambert, Different approaches for assaying melanosome transfer, Pigment Cell Res., 18, 370–381 (2005). (2) S. K. Singh, C. Nizard, R. Kurfurst, F. Bonte, S. Schnebert, and D. J. Tobin, The silver locus product (Silv/gp100/Pmel17) as a new tool for the analysis of melanosome transfer in human melanocyte– keratinocyte co-culture, Exp. Dermatol., 17, 418–426 (2008). (3) T. Hoashi, K. Tamaki, and V. J. Hearing, The secreted form of a melanocyte membrane-bound glyco- protein (Pmel17/gp100) is released by ectodomain shedding, FASEB J., 24, 916–930 (2010). (4) J. F. Berson, D. C. Harper, D. Tenza, G. Raposo, and M. S. Marks, Pmel17 initiates premelanosome morphogenesis within multivesicular bodies. Mol. Biol. Cell, 12, 3451–3464 (2001). (5) T. Hakozaki, L. Minwalla, J. Zhuang, M. Chhoa, A. Matsubara, K. Miyamoto, A. Greatens, G. G. Hillebrand, D. L. Bissett, and R. E. Boissy, The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmenta- tion and suppression of melanosome transfer, Brit. J. Dermatol., 147, 20–31 (2002). (6) A. Greatens, T. Hakozaki, A. Koshoffer, H. Epstein, S. Schwemberger, G. Babcock, D. Bissett, H. Takiwaki, S. Arase, R. R. Wickett, and R. E. Boissy, Effective inhibition of melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by lectins and niacinamide is reversible, Exp. Dermatol., 14, 498–508 (2005). (7) M. M. Bradford, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248–254 (1976). (8) M. B. Taubman, B. Goldberg, and C. Sherr, Radioimmunoassay for human procollagen, Science, 186, 1115–1117 (1974). (9) K. J. Garton, P. J. Gough, and E. W. Raines, Emerging roles for ectodomain shedding in the regulation of infl ammatory responses, J. Leukocyte Biol., 79, 1105–1116 (2006). (10) P. Montes de Oca-B, Ectodomain shedding and regulated intracellular proteolysis in the central nervous system, Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents Med. Chem., 10, 337–359 (2010).
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