DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN LIPSTICKS 167 (2) U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Lipstick and Lead: Questions and Answers, accessed September 2011, http://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/productandingredientsafety/productinformation/ucm137224. htm (3) Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, A Poison Kiss: The Problem of Lead in Lipstick, October 2007, accessed September 2011, http://safecosmetics.org/article.php?id=327 (4) R. Paige, Dangerous Levels of Lead in Lipstick, Lip Gloss? CBS Los Angeles, May 17, 2006, accessed July 2008, no longer accessible, http://cbs2.com/consumer/Lipstick.Lip.Gloss.2.516979.html (5) A. Meyer, Pretty Little Lie, News Channel 4, Oklahoma City, May 19, 2006, accessed July 2008, no longer accessible, www.kfor.com/global/story.asp?s=4908398 (6) B. Thompson, Is Lead Inside Lipstick? WPXI, Pittsburgh, PA, July 24, 2006, accessed September 26, 2008, no longer accessible, http://www.wpxi.com/print/9566833/detail.html (7) Cosmetics, Toiletries, and Fragrances Association, Determination of Lead Content of Finished Cosmetics and Raw Materials by Closed-Vessel Microwave Digestion Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, CTFA Lead Analysis Task Force, November 19, 1997. (8) “Lip Products Brand Shares by Retail Value 2004–2007,” in Cosmetics and Toiletries in the U.S. (Euro- monitor International Ltd, London, May 2008), Table 64, pp. 78–79. (9) P. Atkins, H. Lang, W. Driscoll, and L. Ernyei, Analysis of lipstick for toxic elements using ICP-MS, 2011 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlanta, Georgia, March 13–18, 2011 (poster presentation). (10) P. Piccinini, M. Piecha, and S. Fortaner Torrent, Results of European survey on lead in lipsticks, Techni- cal Note LB-NA-24886-EN-N, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (European Union, August 2011). APPENDIX Lead (Pb) Results for 400 Lipsticks from 24 Parent Companies, Purchased between February and July 2010 Parent (manufacturer) Brand Lead (Pb) mg/kg A a 7.19 A b 7.00 B a 4.93 C a 4.92 B a 4.89 A b 4.45 A b 4.41 C b 4.28 A a 4.23 F a 4.12 F a 4.06 D a 3.32 J a 3.12 E a 3.08 A b 2.87 D a 2.84 K a 2.81 D a 2.81 J a 2.80 D a 2.77 C b 2.74 F a 2.71 L a 2.68 E a 2.59 (Continued)

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 168 C b 2.56 C b 2.52 D a 2.52 D a 2.44 C b 2.42 D a 2.40 C b 2.28 A c 2.28 G a 2.28 C a 2.27 F a 2.27 C b 2.26 D a 2.25 K a 2.24 D a 2.24 E a 2.23 C a 2.22 D b 2.21 L a 2.18 D a 2.12 H a 2.09 M a 2.08 G a 2.08 G b 2.07 C b 2.00 C b 2.00 A b 2.00 N a 1.98 F a 1.98 H a 1.96 E a 1.95 C b 1.94 A a 1.94 C a 1.93 C b 1.92 D a 1.91 O a 1.88 D a 1.88 N a 1.88 P b 1.86 D a 1.85 B a 1.84 D a 1.84 D b 1.82 H a 1.82 APPENDIX Continued Parent (manufacturer) Brand Lead (Pb) mg/kg