74 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Sensitization Eight normal, healthy, white male guinea pigs weighing 300 to 400 gm. each were used. They were maintained on a diet of rabbit pellets, supple- mented by spinach and kale. As much hair as possible was removed from the sides and back of each guinea pig with an electric clipper. An aqueous solution was made up containing 0.1 per cent of the test lotion, and injec- tions of this solution were made subcutaneously with a 0.25-cc. syringe and a 26-gauge needle •/• inch long. Each animal received ten injections, one every other day. The first was 0.05 cc. and the subsequent injections 0.1 cc., and all were applied within a test area of about three to four square centimeters however, the first injection was given slightly below the sen- sitization area. Two weeks after the last injection, an additional injection of 0.05 cc. of a freshly prepared 0.1 per cent aqueous solution was made. Reaction readings were made 24 hours after the initial 0.05-cc. injection and after the final 0.05-cc. injection. Results: Twenty-four hours after the first 0.05-cc. injection, small raised areas were observed. They showed a slightly increased redness when compared to the surrounding area. These swellings were approximately 4 to 5 mm. in diameter and up to 1 ram. in height. Fourteen days after the last sensitizing injections were given, the additional 0.05 cc. of solution caused no greater reaction than did the original injection. It was concluded that guinea pigs subjected to sensitizing treatments such as described do not become sensitized (18). These studies lead to the same conclusion as those previously reported, i.e., that zirconium compounds are harmless when applied topically. OTHER PRoposE•) UsEs Cosmetic applications of zirconium which have not been examined up to this time are readily envisioned. New zirconium pigments, embracing almost all shades, have been described in the literattire in recent years (19, 20), and they have an obvious potential use as cosmetic colorants. Zir- conium compounds might prove useful in lipsticks and other cosmetic colorants to eliminate the irritating effects of certain dyes. CONCLUSION It may be concluded from the data and from the theoretical chemistry reported above that certain zirconlure compounds have properties which are of value for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, and that they have no toxic or other physiologically undesirable effects. Applications specifically indicated are as antipruritics and body deodorants. •lcknowledgment: The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Lawrence W. Carter of Ogilvie Sisters Laboratories for important con- tributions to the data presented in this paper on the formulation and toxicity studies of zirconlure deodorants.

SCIENTIFIC DATA IN COSMETIC PATENT PROGRAM 75 LITERATURE CITED (1) Sidgwick, N. V., "The Electron Theory of Valence," London, Oxford University Press (1932), p. 274. (2) Mellor, J. W., "A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry," Vol. VII, London, Longroans, Green and Co. (1930), pp. 143-148, 154-156. (3) Sidgwick, N. V., "The Chemical Elements and Their Compounds," Oxford, The Clar- endon Press (1950), p. 645. (4) Ibid., p. 644. (5) Weiser, H. B., "Inorganic Colloid Chemistry," New York, Vol. II, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1935), pp. 264-266. (6) German, F. H., and Daniels, F., "Outlines of Physical Chemistry," New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1946), p. 259. (7) Thomas, A. W., and Owens, H. S., •. •tm. Chem. $0% 57, 2131-2135 (1935). (8) Idem, 1825. (9) Wainer, E., U.S. Patent 2,316,141, April 6, 1943. (10) Keil, H., Wasserman, D., and Dawson, C. R., Ind. Med., 14, 825 (1945). (11) Titanium Alloy Mfg. Division of the National Lead Co., unpublished reports. (12) Cronk, G. A., and Naumann, Dorothy E., •7. Lab. Clin. Med., 37, 909-913 (1951). (13) Harrisson, J. W. E., Trabin, B., and Martin, E. W., •7. Pharmacol., 102, 179-184 (1951). (14) Blumenthal, W. B., and Leonard, C. S., "An Investigation of the Physiological and Therapeutic Properties of Zirconlure Compounds," Report to the XIhh International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Sept. 13, 1951. (15) Draize, J. H., Woodward, G., and Calvary, H. O., y. Pharrnacol., 82, 377-390 (1944). (16) Leberco Laboratories, Roselle Park, N.J., Assay No. 24268. (17) Idem, 24269. (18) Idem, 24270. (19) Blumenthal, W. B.,[nd. Eng. Chem., 40, 510-512 (1948). (20) Blumenthal, W. B., ztrn. Dyestuff Reptr., 37, 285-286 (1948). THE NEED FOR SCIENTIFIC DATA IN A COSMETIC PATENT PROGRAM* By ']'HOMAS CIFELLI, J•.. Newark, N. 5 t. ALL THAT WE shall consider here are the patent possibilities open to the cosmetic industry and what is required for the full attainment of these possibilities. Among the avenues of patent protection open to the cosmetic industry are those involving: (1) New cosmetic chemicals. (2) New cosmetic preparations involving: (a) All old ingredients. (b) At least one new ingredient. (c) All new ingredients. (3) New uses of old chemicals or compositions. (4) Processes for making cosmetic chemicals or preparations involving: (a) New chemicals or preparations. (b) Making old chemicals or preparations. (c) Uses of old chemicals or preparations. * Presented at the May 15, 1953, Meeting, New York City.