SOME ASPECTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD DETERGENTS 361', 2. Phosphate and borate It has recently been found that phosphate can be determined with the E.E.L. flame photometer, by measurement of a so far unidentified radiation in the region of 625 ms. For the analysis of detergents it is necessary to remove sodium ions by ion exchange. The method is not fully developed,, but in one experiment the P205 content of a detergent powder was deter- mined in 20 minutes and the result agreed well with that found by volumetric analysis. Boron can be determined by flame photometry, by measurement of any- of several oxide bands. Both sodium and phosphorus obliterate the radiation, and this interference is avoided by blowing the air supply to the instrument through an acidified methanolic solution of the detergent, and feeding the resulting mixture of air, methanol and methyl borate directly into the flame. This too is not fully developed, but it appears possible to, carry out a quantitative analysis by this means. (Received: 18th April 1962), REFERENCES Heirlet, C. Analyst 83 223 (1958) Blakeway, J. M. and Thomas, D.B. J. Chromatography 6 74 (1961) Holness, H. and Stone, W.R. Analyst 82 166 (1957) Holness, H. and Stone, W.R. Analyst 84 392 (1959) Epton, S.R. Trans. Faraday Soc. 44 226 (1948) Burr, T., Oliver, J. and Stubbings, W.V. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. London 67 45 (1948) Cullum, D.C. Proceedings of Third World Congress on Surface Activity (] 42 {1960), Cullum, D.C. and Thomas, D.B. Analyst 85 922 (1960) Cullum, D.C. and Thomas, D.B. Anal. Chim. Acta 24 205 (1961) Cullum, D.C. and Thomas, D.B. Analyst 84 113 (1959) Cullum, D.C. and Thomas, D.B. Analyst 85 688 (1960)

JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS THE COMPATIBILITY OF LANOLIN DERIVATIVES WITH DILUTE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE L. I. CONRAD* AND A. P. MENTECKI} ,Presented at the Second Congress of the International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists, London, on 4th July 1962. The uses of hydrogen l•eroxide in hair treatment l•rel•ara•ious are described, and the conditioning, l•rotective and medi•ying effect of lanolin derivatives on hair, and the emulsifying, •hickening anal stabilizing l•rol•er•ies of •hese l•roducts in hydrogen l•eroxide lotions are indicated. The stability of lanolin derivatives in the l•resence of hydrogen l•eroxide is discussed. Me•heds for testing the stability of hydrogen l•eroxide in the various systems are described and an analytical l•rocedure for the quantitative ana- lysis of hydrogen l•eroxide is l•resented. The coml•atibili•y of six water-soluble and eight water4nsoluble lanolin derivatives with six l•er cent hydrogen l•eroxide is established. HYDROGF,• P•ROXI•)•, one of the most widely used oxidizing agents avail- able, serves several important functions in the hair treatment industry. It has been used as a bleaching agent for human hair since 1867 • and is still probably the most satisfactory for this purpose, since, after its available oxygen has been released, nothing but water remains. Goldemberg 2 •estimates that in the United States, 95 per cent or more of all hair bleaching is done with hydrogen peroxide. A concentration of 6 per cent (20 volume) is commonly employed. Hydrogen peroxide is also widely used as the oxidizer to develop the colour of para dyes (so called after the most common of all, p-phenylene- diamine), in situ, on hair. Many hair colouring compositions have been formulated and marketed which both bleach and dye the hair almost simultaneously again using 6 per cent hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. Obviously this is a far more sophisticated function than bleaching alone. It requires skill and care, in both the compounding and the appli- cation of the products, to obtain uniformly reproducible results. A third important use for this simple yet versatile oxidizing agent is in permanent waving preparations, as neutralizer or fixative, for thioglycolate waving lotion. Here, too, a careful balance must be maintained to obtain the desired waving or straightening effect in the presence of both natural and synthetic colour bodies or agents. These should be neither darkened nor lightened by the hydrogen peroxide unless so desired. All the above functions must be carr/ed out with a minimum of damage *American Cholesterol Products, Inc., Edison, N.J., U.S.A. pFMC Corporation, Inorganic Chemicals Div., New York, N.Y., U.S.A.