796 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS include all the statistical treatments previously done manually. It has been shown that computer processing can significantly reduce the amount of time required to complete analysis of results in a large clinical trial, eliminate human mechanical errors, and at the same time save a considerable amount of money. When a program is used in more than one trial, the savings in both time and dollars become even more dra- matic. (Received May 22, 1967) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lO) (ll) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) REFERENCES Malassez, R., from Van Abbe, N. J., The investigation of dandruff, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 15,609-30 (1964). Savill, A., The Hair and Scalp, Third Ed., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 1944, pp. 153-68. Harry, R. G., The Principles and Practice of Modern Cosmetics, Vol. I--Modern Cos- meticology, Chemical Publishing Company, New York, N.Y., 1962, pp. 332-9. MacKee, G. M., and Lewis, G. M., Dandruff and seborrhea. I. Flora of "normal" and diseased scalps, J. Invest. Dermatol., 1, 131-9 (1938). Wright, C. S., The seborrheic state, its etiology and control, Med. World, 59, 431-3 (1941). Kelly, D. E., and Arlook, T. D., Seborrheic dermatitis, J. Indiana State Med. Soc., 43, 1088-91 (1950). Dowling, G. B., Aetiology of seborrhoeic dermatitis, Brit. J. Dermatol., 51, 1-7 (1939). Mitchell-Heggs, G. B., Seborrhoeic dermatitis and ache vulgaris, Brit. Med. J., 2, 1079- 82 (1951). VanderWyk, R. W., and Roia, F. C., The relationship between dandruff and the micro- bial flora of the human scalp, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 15,761-8 (1964). Ball, F. I., A new treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis, Arch. Dermatol., 71,696 (1955). Reddish, G. F., The etiology of infectious dandruff, Y. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 3, 90 (1952). Klauder, J. V., Modern concept and treatment of dandruff and seborrheic eruptions, Ibid., 7,443-9 (1956). Lubowe, I. I., Anti-seborrheic agents, Drug and Cosmetic Ind., 81,602-76 (1957). Spoor, H. J., Microbiological and clinical study of anti-dandruff agents, Proc. Sci. Sect. Toilet Goods Assoc., No. 23, 27-31 (May 1955). Wallace, H. J., Diseases of the hair and scalp, The Practitioner, 188, 594-608 (1962). Van Abbe, N.J., The investigation of dandruff, 2. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 15,609-30 (1964). Robinson, R. C. V., and Roberts, D., A new medicated shampoo for seborrheic scalp conditions, Maryland Med. J., 12,223-5 (1963). Spoor, H. J., Clinical evaluation of antidandruff formulations, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 14, 135-45 (1963). Howard, K. L., The uses of enzymes in cosmetics, Ibid., 13, 59-63 (1962). Cayle, T., The potential of enzymes for topical application, Ibid., 14,249-59 (1963).

J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 18, 797-807 (Dec. 9, 1967) Pseudomonads in Cosmetics SAUL TENENBAUM M.S.* _Presented before the New York Chapter, October 3, 1•96'6' Synopsis--Pseudomonads are bacterial organisms found in soil, water, air, and food, in and on the body. They break emulsions and produce foul odors and slime while decomposing cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The organisms have the capacity to develop resistance to agents inimical to other microorganisms. Preparations are placed on preservation study to determine the ability of a product to withstand consumer use and abuse. Some materials can inactivate the preservatives used to protect the product. The only effective way of knowing whether a product is protected is to inoculate the formulation with organisms and examine for viability. The ability of pseudomonads to adapt to and proliferate in prepara- tions is such that maintenance of the inoculum is insufficient for adequate preservation status. The only properly preserved preparation is one that is essentially self-sterilizing. A self-sterilizing preparation can be achieved, in most cosmetic products, without an increase in costs or loss of marketability. INTRODUCTION Pseudomonads are bacterial organisms frequently responsible for deterioration of food, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, and cos- metics. They participate in the degradation of polystyrene, dibutyl phthalate, polyvinyl chloride, formaldehyde resins, cutting oils, jet fuel, kerosene, and interfere in the manufacture of paper and plastics (1). Military and related civilian research into contaminated jet fuel have demonstrated that pseudomonads are an important member of the con- taminating flora. The degree of contamination has, on occasion, been severe enough to degrade the fuel and cause operating problems. Pseudomonads are heterotrophic, asporogenous, polarly flagellated organisms with or without slime, with or without pyocyanine, with or without green-yellowish fluorescence, and with or without a yellow- brown colony. Only in a few cases can the genus be easily recognized by * Revlon Research Center, 945 Zerega Avenue, Bronx, N.Y. 10473. 797