766 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS regarding these secondary tests is that, whereas several are likely to provide interesting information on the effect of a substance on the skin, insufficient experience seems to have been gained from using them to be able to recom- mend their adoption routinely. Since animal tests are essential in the initial screening for primary skin irritants, some basic research into the reactions of animal skin compared with human skin is required. This information is likely to enhance the value of initial predictive tests greatly and to facilitate the extrapolation of the data to man. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I acknowledge the encouragement and advice given by the Director, Dr. R. F. Crampton, and the assistance of Dr. Joan Hardy, Dr. K. Butter- worth and Dr. P. Grasso in the preparation of the manuscript. (Received: 11th May 1972) (1) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) REFERENCES Carter, R. O and Griffith, J. F. Experimental basis for the realistic assessment of safety of topical agents. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 7 60 (1965). Fisher, A. A. Contact dermatitis (1968) (Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia). Rostenberg, A. Cutaneous reactions from cosmetics. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 11 170 (1960). Rostenberg, A. Methods for the appraisal of the safety of cosmetics. Drug Cosmet. Ind. 88 592 (1961). Rieger, M. M. and Battista, G. W. Some experiences in the safety testing of cosmetics. J. $oc. Cosmet. Chem. 15 161 (1964). Calnan, C. D. The significance of assay method for the dermatologist. Brit. J. Dermatol. 82 43 (1970). Jadassohn, J. Verh. Deut. Derm. Ges. V. Kongr. 103 (1896). Bloch, B. Experimentelle Studien ueber das Wesen der Jodoformidiosynkrasie. Z. Exp. Path. Therap. 9 509 (1911). Bloch, B. Referate ueber Ekzem Pathogenese. Arch. Dermatol. Syphilol. 145 34 (1924). Draize, J. H., Woodard, G. and Calvary, H. O. Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. J. t'harmacol. Exp. Ther. 82 377 (1944). Kligman A.M. Evaluation of cosmetics for irritancy. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. $uppl. 3 30 (1969). Wolven, A. and Levenstein, I. Techniques for evaluating dermal irritation. J. $oc. Cosmet. Chem. 18 199 (1967). Kligman, A.M. and Wooding, W. M. A method for the measurement and evaluation of irritants on human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 49 78 (1967). Wooding, W. M. and Opdyke, D. L. A statistical approach to the evaluation of cutaneous responses to irritants. J. $oc. Cosmet. Chem. 18 809 (1967). Levenstein, I. and Wolven, A. Evaluating the dermal toxicity test of the FDA. Amer. Perfum. Cosmet. 80 64 (1965). Schmid, O. Tierexperimentelle Untersu6hungen zur Hautvertraeglichkeit. J. $oc. Cosmet. Chem. 21 835 (1970).
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