IMIDAZOLIDINYL UREA ACTIVITY 765 Table XII Challenge of Shampoo Formulation as Described in Table XI and with Added Preservatives (+ = Growth, - = No Growth After 2 Days) P. E. S. C. A, Aeruginosa Coli Aureus Albicans Niger 15442 10536 6538 10231 9642 Shampoo Alone + - - + + Shampoo + 0.2% Methyl-Paraben + - - + + + 0.1% Propyl-Paraben Shampoo + 0.3% Imidazolidinyl Urea ..... Shampoo + 0.3% Imidazolidinyl Urea ..... + 0.2% Methylparaben + 0.1% Propylparaben ing is essential to prevent contamination and even well established products must be checked frequently. REFERENCES (1) F. N. Marzulli, J. R. Evans and P. D. Yoder, Induced Pseudomonas keratitis as related to cosmetics, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 23, 89-97 (1972). (2) R. M. Baird, Microbial contamination of cosmetic products, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 28, 17-20 (1977). (3) R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons, Eds., "Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology," 8th ed., Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, Md., 1975, pp 217-219. (4) C. L. Goldman, Taxonomy and ecological significance of microorganisms isolated from cosmetic products, CTFA Cosmet. J., 8 (No. 1), 31-2 (1976). (5) L. A. Carson, M. S. Favero, W. W. Bond and N.J. Peterson, Morphological, biochemical, and growth characteristics of Pseudomonas cepacia from distilled water, Appl. Micro., 25 (No. 3), 476 (1973). (6) S. Tenenbaum, Significance of pseudomonads in cosmetic products, Amer. Perfum. Cosmet., 86, 33-37 (January 1971). (7) P. A. Berke and W. E. Rosen, Germall, a new family of antimicrobial preservatives for cosmetics, Amer. Perfum. Cosmet., 85 (No. 3), 55-59 (1970). (8) E. L. Richardson, Preservatives: frequency of use in cosmetic formulas as disclosed to FDA, Cosmetics and Toiletties, 92, 85-6 (March 1977). (9) R. A. Cowen and B. Steiger, Antimicrobial activity---a critical review of test methods of preservative efficacy, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 27, 467-81 (1976). (10) "Official Methods of Analysis," 12th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C., 1975, pp 57-60. (11) J. A. Rodgers, G. Jacobs, E. M. Owen, D.C. Pease, Jr., A. F. Peterson, W. H. Riley, A. G. Schenkel, J. L. Smith, C. E. Stegmann and j. A. Ramp, Evaluation of methods for determining preservative efficacy, CTF,'I Cosmet. J., 5 (No. 1), 2 (1973). (12) J. Schimmel and M. N. Slotsky, Preservation of cosmetics, in M. A. Balsam and E. Sagarin, Eds., "Cosmetics Science and Technology," Vol. 3, 2nd ed., Wiley Interscience, New York, N.Y., 1974, pp 397 and 401. (13) "United States Pharmacopeia XIX, Antimicrobial Preservatives--Effectiveness," Mack Printing Company, Easton, Pa., 1975, pp 587-8. (14) C. L. Goldman, private communication. (15) American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852. (16) The concentrations referred to in the text and listed in the tables are "nominal" concentrations. In fact, after adding 1 part of inoculum to 9 parts of solution, the concentration of Imidazolidinyl Urea was reduced by 10%--that is, a "nominal" concentration of 0.3% was actually 0.27%. (17) M.J. Pelczar, Jr., and R. D. Reid, "Microbiology," 2nd ed., McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, N.Y., 1965, pp 87-8. (18) The American Type Culture Collection Catalog of Strains I, 12th ed., 1976, p 97.

766 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS (19) Ref. (3), p 222. (20) W. E. Rosen and P. A. Berke, GERMALL 115--a safe and effective modern cosmetic preservative, Cosmetics and Toiletties, 92 (No. 3), 88-9 (1977). (21) R. C. Jordan and S. E. Jacobs, J. Hyg., 44, 210 (1945) see also M.J. Pelczar and R. D. Reid, 0p cit., p 293. (22) Reference (9), pp 474-5. (23) Microbiology Forum, CTFA Cosmet. J., 8 (No. 4), 32 (1976). (24) ASTM Subcommittee E-35.15 (Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents), Proposed Collaborative Test Protocol, June 19, 1974 see also Microbiology Forum, CTFA Cosmet. J., 9 (No. 2), 40 (1977) (25) W. E. Rosen, P. A. Berke, T. Matzin and A. F. Peterson, Preservation of cosmetic lotions with imidazolidinyl urea plus parabens, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 28, 83-7 (1977). (26) Amerchol Laboratory Handbook, p 56, column 1.