24 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE
Table I
Plants and Their Ethanolic Extract Yields
Plant Part useda Gathering season (month) Yield(%)
Acanthopanax koreanum LF 8 18.51
Acanthopanax koreanum ST 8 10.04
Acanthopanax koreanum RT 8 15.87
Aruncus aethusifolius RT 2 18.26
Aster spathtdifolius LT 1 10.07
Aster spathzdifolius RT 1 14.49
Brassica campestris ST 4 2.30*
Brassica campestris FL 4 2.50*
Brassica campestris RT 4 3.60*
Camellia japonica LF 3 9.5
Camellia sienensis SD 9.86*
Capsicum annum WP 12 8.61
Cassia nomc1me WP 8 21.08
Chrysanthemum indicum WP 12 16.48
Chrysanthemum zawadskii WP 11 9.91
Cimicifuga acerina RT 2 26.15
Citrus grandis LF 11 13.23
Citrus grandis ST 11 8.00
Citrus unshiu LF 7 12.75
Citrus unshiu ST 7 8.19
Clematis terniflora LT 9 14.45
Clerodendron trichotomum LF 8 17.56
C lerodendron trichotomum ST 8 7.49
C ommelina communis L. WP 9 5.64
Crinum asiaticum SD 11 8.75*
Crinum asiaticum RT 5 6.80*
Crinum asiaticum LT 5 5.60*
Daphniphyllum macrophodum ST 8 9.20
Daphniphyllum macropodum LF 8 11.53
Daucus carota L. LF 12 22.14
Elsholtzia splendens WP 12 6.31
Erigeron annuus RT 6 8.58
Erigeron annuus LT 6 11.23
Euphorbia esula L. WP 11 1().38
Euphorbia helioscopia WP 5 9.27
Euphorbia jolkini WP 11 9.00
Euphorbia jolkini SD 12 7.26
Farfiigium japonicum WP 1 19.61
Filipendula glaberrima RT 2 18.54
Hizikia fusiformis WP 6 32.70
Kummerowiastriata WP 8 12.54
Lycoris aurea RT 11 8.61 *
Maackia fauriei ST 12 6.38
Miscanthus sinensis FL 10 3.55
Miscanthus sinensis RT 10 1.94
Miscanthus sinensis ST 10 5.42
Myriophyllum spicatum L. WP 8 13.53
Narcissus tazetta LT 10.95
Nymphaea tetragona RH 1 5.72
Persicaria hydropiper WP 9 5.94
Potamogeton crispus L. WP 8 11.38
Pyrrosia hastata LT 2 12.16
(continued)

ANTI-AGING COMPOUNDS FROM JEJU ISLAND 25
Table I (continued)
Plant Part used" Gathering season (month) Yield(%)
Pyrrosia hastata RT 2 14.03
Sasa quelpaertensis LT 5 7.65*
Scirpus tabernaemontani LT 8 5.72
Solanum nigrum L. WP 9 8.88
S olanum tuberosum L. RH 5 1.10*
Thymus quinquecostatus WP 12 11.52
Torreya nucifera ST 10 6.23
T orreya nucifera LF 10 14.11
Typha orientalis SD 8 4.98
Zingiber mioga ST 8 13.11
a Part used: LF (leaf), ST (stem), LT (leaves and twigs), RT (root), WP (whole plant), SD (seed), FL (flower),
RH (rhizome).
*Yields were calculated from the fresh plant, and the others were calculated from the dried plant.
Filipendula glaberrima (root), Pyrrosia hastata (root), and Camellia japonica (leaf), showed
high inhibition efficacy(50% at 100 µg/ml). Among these, Persicaria hydropiper (whole
plant) extract was found to have the highest elastase inhibition activity (IC
50
=46.7
µg/ml). The IC
50 values for the elastase inhibition activity of Typha orientalis (seed),
Nymphaea tetragona (rhizome), and Capsicum annum (whole plant) were 60.1 µg/ml, 70.4
µg/ml, and 71.1 µg/ml, respectively (Figure 2). Furthermore, five of the extracts listed
above, Typha oreintalis (seed), Persicaria hydropiper (whole plant), Nymphaea tetragona
(rhizome), Filipendula glaberrima (root), and Pyrrosia hastata (root), also showed signifi-
cantly high DPPH radical scavenging activity, which suggests that the origins of the
two activities were similar.
Elastase is a highly cationic enzyme, and its active site holds its hydrophilic property. It
has been reported that the binding of elastase to hydrophobic substrates or ligands is so
weak that the degradation of substrates is inhibited (23). Tixier et al. (24) reported that
condensed polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidin, inhibited catalytic activity by bind-
ing to elastin. Therefore, it is likely that the seven extracts with the highest elastase
inhibition activity possess relatively hydrophobic compounds or phenolic compounds,
such as polyphenols and flavonoids.
CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY ON HUMAN FIBROBLASTS
Out of 60 native plants of Jeju Island, seven plant extracts with superior effects on free
radical scavenging activity and elastase inhibition were selected those plants were Typha
orientalis (seed), Persicaria hydropiper (whole plnat), Capsicum annum (whole plant), Nym-
phaea tetragona (rhizome), Filipendula glaberrima (root), Pyrrosia hastata (root), and Ca-
mellia japonica (leaf). The cytotoxicities of these seven extracts on human fibroblasts
(ATCC, CRL-2076) are shown in Figure 3. They did not show any cytotoxicity (cell
viability 99%) compared to EGCG, which was used as a positive control at a concen-
tration of 100 µg/ml. These findings suggest that effective active ingredients could be
produced with no cytotoxicity. Conversely, extracts such as Filipendula glaberrima (root),
Capsicum annum (whoie piant), and Nymphaea tetragona (rhizome) liaJ Lell prollferntion
activities measured at 108.8%, 111.5%, and 111.6%, respectively.