ABSTRACTS 247 higher stress against various loads, and the stress leads to becomes a high-speed thin-film spin flow. This flow the increase in the neutrophil ratio and the oxidation possibly allows the peripheral speed to be over 30 mis, degree, which exacerbates the acne lesions. which was unable to be obtained by a conventional high- A High-speed Mixer Enabling Particle Design Akihito Shundo Emulsification & Dispersion Technology Laboratory, PRIMIX Corporation, 8-16-43, Ebie, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0001, Japan When fluid is mixed by a rotor and small vessel that has a narrow clearance between its wall and the rotor with the upper part covered by an endplate, the processing fluid speed mixer. As a result, the processing fluid obtains more and homogenous energy. In an actual experiment, we compared a high-speed thin-film spin mixer with a conventional high-speed mixer upon an emulsification experiment with soybean oil. The experiment proved that the former mixer could control the particle size distribution. It also proved that the same result could be obtained by continuous operation as by batch operation. In conclusion, the high-speed thin-film spin mixer can control particle size distribution with a high efficiency.

]. Cosmet. Sci., 59, 249-251 (May/June 2008) Abstracts International Journal of Cosmetic Science Vol. 30, No. 1, 2008* Original Article Change in optical properties of stratum comeum induced by protein carbonylation in vitro I. Iwai*, K. Ikuta*, K. Murayama_and T. Hirao* *Shiseido Life Science Research Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8558, Japan and _Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan lchiro Iwai, Shiseido Life Science Research Center, 2-2-1 Hayabuchi, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8558, Japan. Tel.:+81 45 590 6387 fax:+81 45 590 6078 e-mail: ichiro.iwai@to.shiseido.co.jp The skin is the frontier against the external environment and continuously exposed to the environmental oxidative stress such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Protein carbonyls are the major oxidative products of protein and may be introduced by reaction with aldehydes derived from lipid peroxide. Acrolein is one of the most reactive aldehydes generated during degradation of lipid peroxides and protein-acrolein adducts have been found in the oxidatively damaged lesion including UV-damaged skin. Recent studies revealed that protein carbonyls are also detected in thin outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC). However, the effect of protein carbonylation on the function of SC was still unclear. In this study, we treated the SC sheets of reconstructed human epidermis and porcine epidermis with acrolein in the experimental conditions to explore the influence of protein carbonylation on the SC. Human and porcine SC sheets treated with acrolein showed less transmission at visible light than untreated SC sheets. Attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy with curve fitting analysis of amide I region showed that acrolein induced alterations in protein secondary structure of the porcine SC sheets, which were accompanied by diminished fibrous keratin structure observed by transmission electron microscopy. These results show the possibility that carbonylation of the SC caused by environmental factors is one of factors altering the fibrous structure of keratin and decreasing the light transmission of SC, which changes the quality of the skin appearance. Review Article In vivo reflectance-mode confocal microscopy in clinical dermatology and cosmetology S. Gonzalez*,t and Y. Gilaberte-Calzadat *Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, tGrupo Dermatologico, Madrid and tDermatology Service, Hospital San Jorge, Av. Mart1'nez de Velasco 34, 22005 Huesca, Spain Salvador Gonzalez, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan­ Kettering Cancer Center, 160 East 53rd Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10022, USA. Tel.: +I 212 6100185 fax: +l 212 308 0530 e-mail: gonzals6@rmkcc.org In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non­ invasive imaging tool that allows real-time visualization of cells and structures in living skin with near histological resolution. RCM has been used for the assessment of benign and malignant lesions, showing great potential for applications in basic skin research and clinical dermatology. RCM also reveals dynamic changes in the skin over time an d in response to specific stimuli, like ultraviolet exposure, which makes it a promising tool in cosmetology, as it allows repetitive sampling without biopsy collection, causing no further damage to the areas under investigation. This review summarizes the latest advances in RCM, and its applications in the characterization of both normal and pathological skin. * These abstracts appear as they were originally published. They have not been edited by the journal of Cosmetic Science. 249