RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN COSMETICS IN NIGERIA 239 Table IV Noncarcinogenic Risk [Hazard Quotient (HQ)] of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Cosmetics Manufactured Outside Nigeria Cosmetics Heavy metal Pb Cd Mn Ni Cr Hg As Fem Tight Antiseptic Vaginal Wash Soap 2.05E-06 1.64E-06 4.37E-08 1.27E-06 3.28E-10 ND ND Face to Face Facial Mask 1.56E-06 1.41E-07 2.46E-07 1.45E-07 1.71E-10 ND ND St. Ives Apricot Facial Scrub ND ND 2.32E-07 3.55E-08 ND ND ND Palmer’s Cocoa Butter Body Cream 3.44E-07 4.69E-08 2.35E-07 3.28E-08 ND ND ND Cucumber Extract Facial toner ND 2.11E-07 1.37E-07 1.64E-08 ND ND ND Fantasy Body Spray (Rapsberry) 7.50E-07 9.37E-08 2.19E-07 ND ND ND ND Chris Adams Active Woman Perfume ND ND 8.32E-08 5.86E-09 ND ND ND Veet Hair Removing Cream 1.31E-06 7.03E-07 8.94E-07 5.14E-07 ND ND ND Sleek concealer Powder ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Black Opal Crème Stick Foundation 1.83E-05 3.09E-06 1.85E-05 4.74E-06 3.58E-08 ND ND Fruity Lip Balm (Strawberry) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Baolishi Eyeliner 6.58E-05 ND 4.81E-06 5.37E-07 ND ND ND Mary Kay Crème-to-Powder ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Far Away Body Shimmering Powder 3.01E-06 1.87E-07 2.55E-06 9.70E-07 1.32E-08 ND ND Island Beauty Lipstick 3.44E-07 5.39E-06 4.84E-06 3.53E-07 3.25E-09 ND ND St. Ives Body Cream 1.03E-06 3.75E-07 3.01E-07 1.21E-07 ND ND 4.68E-07 Vovi Milk Complex Cream ND 4.69E-08 2.46E-07 1.61E-07 ND ND ND Empire Fade Cream Lotion 1.72E-07 7.03E-08 2.05E-07 3.55E-08 ND ND ND Fair and White Exfoliating Soap 3.24E-06 1.69E-06 3.88E-07 1.36E-06 ND ND ND Clear Essence Maxi-tone 4.69E-07 ND 2.60E-07 1.32E-07 ND ND ND Ushas Eye Shadow 1.83E-06 1.41E-07 8.20E-07 2.24E-07 ND ND ND Bouquet Roll-on Deodorant ND 2.34E-08 3.14E-07 ND ND ND ND Sally Hansen Nail Color 1.22E-06 7.03E-07 5.47E-09 1.34E-07 ND ND ND Jordana Loose Powder 1.87E-07 ND 5.14E-07 2.05E-07 ND ND ND Pop Facial Cream ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Jennifer Lopez Secret 1.61E-06 8.90E-07 4.54E-07 3.36E-07 ND ND ND Eden Apricot Scrub Soap 3.76E-06 1.50E-06 4.59E-07 1.20E-06 1.13E-06 ND ND Crusader Medicated Soap 1.11E-06 1.73E-06 3.61E-07 1.49E-06 ND 1.28E-07 ND Lentheric Anti-perspirant Roll-on 9.21E-07 1.48E-06 6.18E-07 1.45E-06 8.28E-10 5.47E-09 ND Swiss Luxury Bath Shower Gel 2.50E07 6.09E-07 2.76E-07 6.78E-07 ND ND ND

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 240 Table V shows the HI of heavy metal contaminants in cosmetics manufactured in Nigeria. Cadmium in Tura Medicated Soap® had the highest HI (7.55E-12) while arsenic in Royal Gold Cortex Remover® with a HI of 2.59E-14 was the least. Cadmium was de- tected as the only carcinogenic metal present in Classic White Whitening Cream®, Beauty Fair Multi-Active Toning Cream®, Royal Acrylic Nail Remover®, Beauty Fair Complexion Lotion®, and Tura Medicated Soap® with corresponding HIs of 1.30E-13, 3.90E-13, 5.21E-13, 7.81E-12, and 7.55E-12, respectively. Royal Gold Cortex Re- mover® contained arsenic with a cancer risk value of 2.59E-14. The HI of heavy metal contaminants in cosmetics manufactured outside Nigeria is shown in Table VI. About 25.71% of the cosmetics manufactured outside Nigeria had no carci- nogenic metal contents. Cadmium in Face to Face Facial Mask® and arsenic in St. Ives Body Cream® showed an HI of 7.81E-13 while cadmium in Baolishi Eyeliner® had the highest HI of 4.77E-09. The HI of chromium in Black Opal Crème Stick Foundation® was 1.27E-10 while Face to Face Facial Mask® had the least chromium HI of 1.42E-12. Seven cosmetic samples had both cadmium and chromium (carcinogenic metals) with Black Opal Crème Stick Foundation having the highest total HI of 2.89E-10 while Face to Face Facial Mask had the least total HI of 4.40E-12. Two cosmetic samples, namely St. Ives Body Cream® and Bio Claire Body Lightening Lotion®, had cadmium and arsenic (carcinogenic metals) with both having a total HI of 4.17E-12. Cosmetics Heavy metal Pb Cd Mn Ni Cr Hg As Dove Body Fairness Lotion ND ND 2.08E-07 ND ND ND ND Mac Waterproof Mascara ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Dark and Lovely Compact Powder 2.00E-06 4.45E-07 1.03E-05 4.87E-07 ND ND ND Bio Claire Body Lightening Lotion 1.56E-07 2.34E-08 2.35E-07 ND ND ND 1.17E-06 Absolute Juicy Lip Shimmer ND 1.12E-07 ND ND ND ND ND ND: Not detected. Table IV Continued Table V Hazard Index (HI) of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Cosmetics Manufactured in Nigeria Cosmetics Heavy metal Cd Cr As Beauty Fair Complexion Lotion 7.81E-13 ND ND Royal Gold Cortex Remover ND ND 2.59E-14 Beauty Fair Multi-Active Toning Cream 3.90E-13 ND ND Classic White Whitening Cream 1.30E-13 ND ND Royal Acrylic Nail Remover 5.21E-13 ND ND Tura Medicated Soap 7.55E-12 ND ND Ballin Glycerin Oil ND ND ND ND: Not detected.