Brand Ingredients Formulation type Claims Company Refs. Pure Gold Collagen Collagen Supplement drink Preserves skin elasticity Gold Collagen (139) Zinc Maintains normal hair, skin, and nails Copper Maintains normal pigmentation of skin and hair Biotin Antioxidant Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin B6 Rousselot Fish Collagen Hydrolyzed Fish hydrolyzed collagen Dietary supplement powder Increases skin mechanical strength Peptan (136) Wild Mexican yam extract Hydrates the skin and prevents wrinkle Hyaluronic acid Maintains permanent youthfulness Collagen Peptides Powder Hydrolyzed collagen Dietary supplement powder Improves skin elasticity NutraChamps (137) Digestive enzymes Prevents wrinkles and aging signs Enzymes digest proteins for proper body utilization Medicube Triple Collagen Essential Serum Hydrolyzed collagen Serum Improves skin elasticity Medicube (140) Atelo collagen Soluble collagen Table I Continued SKIN-AGING AND INFLAMMAGING TREATMENT 335

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 336 CONCLUSION People’s demands for young appearance is growing as life expectancy in developed countries increases. Skin as the fi rst indicator of aging has received the greatest attention to under- stand causes and fi nd solutions. In this review, we summarized the endogenous and exoge- nous factors of skin aging and assessed the role, underlying molecular pathways, and treatment strategies of skin infl ammaging. Moreover, we discussed novel formulations and nutraceutical products for skin aging. Although the aging process seems multifactorial where different mechanisms are interconnected, oxidative stress, microinfl ammation, and DNA damage are highly infl uential. Despite increasing efforts to fi nd therapeutic treat- ments, their effectiveness remains questionable. Nutraceuticals’ reputation as being effec- tive and safe highly attracts consumers. Collagen-containing products are gaining a lot of attention from both researchers and consumers. Because of limited global restrictions, ex- pensive antiaging products of questionable safety and effi cacy profi les dominate the market. More research is needed to further understand skin-infl ammaging mechanisms and fi nd effective treatments. R EFERENCES (1) T. Flatt, A new defi nition of aging? Front. Genet., 3, 148 (2012). (2) S. Zhang and E. Duan, Fighting against skin aging: the way from bench to bedside, Cell Transpl., 27, 729–738 (2018). (3) D. Dicanio, R. Sparacio, L. Declercq, H. Corstjens, N. Muizzuddin, J. Hidalgo, P. U. Giacomoni, L. Jorgensen, and D. Maes, Calculation of apparent age by linear combination of facial skin parameters: a predictive tool to evaluate the effi cacy of cosmetic treatments and to assess the predisposition to ac- celerated aging. Biogerontology, 10, 757–772 (2009). (4) U. S. Neill, Skin care in the aging female: myths and truths, J. Clin. Invest. 122, 473–477 (2012). (5) A. Muise and S. Desmarais, Women’s perceptions and use of “anti-aging” products, Sex. Roles, 63, 126–137 (2010). (6) M. H. El-Tonsy, W. H. El-Din, and S. M. Kamal, Aesthetic dermatology in ancient Egypt. Egypt. Dermatol. Online J., 10, 2 (2014). (7) P. U. Giacomoni and P. D’Alessio, “Skin Ageing: the relevance of anti-oxidants,” in Molecular Geron- tology: Research Status and Strategies, Rattan S. and Toussaint O., Eds. (Plenum Press, New York, 1996), pp. 177–191. (8) C. Franceschi, M. Bonafe, S. Valensin, F. Olivieri, M. De Luca, E. Ottaviani, and G. De Benedictis, Infl amm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 908, 244– 254 2000. (9) I. Montaño and D. Schmid. Magnolia Derived Honokiol and Magnolol Fight against Skin Infl amm’Aging. Mibelle Biochemistry. Buchs, Switzerland 2010. ( 10) S. Xia, X. Zhang, S. Zheng, R. Khanabdali, B. Kalionis, J. Wu, W. Wan, and X. Tai, An update on infl amm-aging: mechanisms, prevention, and treatment, J. Immunol. Res., 2016, 8426874 (2016). ( 11) P. Giacomoni and G. Rein, “Skin aging: a generalization of the micro-infl ammatory hypothesis,” in Textbook of Aging Skin, (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017), pp. 789–796. ( 12) P. U. Giacomoni and G. Rein, A mechanistic model for the aging of human skin, Micron, 35, 179–184 (2004). ( 13) T. K. Bhattacharyya and J. R. Thomas, Histomorphologic changes in aging skin, Arch. Facial Plast. Surg., 6, 21–25 (2004). ( 14) I. M. Hadshiew, M. S. Eller, and B. A. Gilchrest, Skin aging and photoaging: the role of DNA damage and repair, Am. J. Contact. Dermat., 11, 19–25 (2000). ( 15) G. Bocheva, R. M. Slominski, and A. T. Slominski, Neuroendocrine aspects of skin aging, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20, 2798 (2019). ( 16) J. H. Chung, V. N. Hanft, and S. Kang, Aging and photoaging, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 49, 690–697, (2003).