306 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY' OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS TAB•,E 2--DEoDoV, IZINO ACTION OF Day "NAccoNo•," NRSF--CHsMICAt, s Odor in "Naccono[" NRSF os. Odor in Sodium Sulfate Control Slightly Appreciably Much Chemicals Weaker Weaker Weaker Lauryl Alcohol X Capryl Alcohol .. Amyl Acetate .. Acetic Anhydride Diethyl Cellosolve 5• Butyl Cellosolve Cyclohexanone 5• Lauryl Amine .. Geraniol Aidehyde C•6 • TABLE 3--DEoDOV, IZINO ACTION OF D•¾ "NAccoNoL" NRSF--P•v, FUMEs Odor in "Nacconol" NRSF os. Odor in Sodium Sulfate Control Slightly Appreciably Much Perfumes Weaker Weaker Weaker Form arome Violet .. X .. Russian Leather .. X .. Lavande .. X Balsamarome . . Carnation 5• . , Rosex • Chanel No. 5 .. 5• .. Freshe tte .. X ,. T-qBLE 4--Doeor)ORIZItaG Ac'rIoN OF Dv.x' "NAccoNoL" NRSF--Av. oMATIC MAToe•.IALS Odor in "Nacconol" NRSF rs. Odor in Sodium Sulfate Control Slightly Appreciably Much Aromatic Materials Weaker Weaker Weaker Civet Art AA .. X Oil Thyme SP. WH .. X Oil Petitgrain SA X Oil Peppermint RD 5• Oil Anise RD .. • Terpineol X Cinnamic Aidehyde 5• Vanillin .. 5• ?henyle thyl Alcohol X Oil ?atchouly SU 5• .. Citral X . ß Benzyl Salicylate X ,. serves to prevent the formation of such odors by the destruction of the bacteria which cause them to develop. Deodorants of this type have become of increasing interest in recent years. For this purpose it is necessary to have a product which can control the vigorous bacteria associated with our bodies, without causing a toxic action. The principal concern of the cos- metic chemist in the subject of per-

DEODORANT PROPERTIES OF NACCONOL 307 T.•B,• 5--DEoDO•,IZI•,rO EFFECT O•r D•,¾ "NAcco•o•" NRSF--HoosEHoLr ODors Household Appreciably Very Strong Odors Deodorizing Deodorization Onion X Garlic • .. Cabbage X .. Sauerkraut X Burnt Crisco • Fish 3• .. come a practical necessity. Where bacteria are to be controlled on the body, as for example under the arms, rapid killing action is not necessary. This makes it possible to find products with low toxicity but with very satisfactory bac- tericidal action. TABbE 6•BAcTEKICIDAL ACTION "Nacconol" NR 1:500 (Ordinary Washing Solution) Time for Organisms Organisms Complete Kill Killed in 5 Minutes, Staphylococcus aureus 24-48 hr. 99.5 Streptococcus hemolyticus 0-5 min. 100 Eberthella typhosa Over 24: hr. 73 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 0-5 min. 100 Diplococcus pneumoniae 1-2 hr. 98.7 Streptococcus mastitidis 0-2 min. 100 TABLE 7--BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF 1:500 "NAccoNo•," NR AOAINST STAPI-IYLOCO(2CUS Auv,•.us pH ,--. 5 Minutes at 37øC. --, Control ,---"Nacconol" NR---, count, Count, Bacteria Millions Millions Killed, per MI. per MI. 2.0 1 0 100 3.8 17,000 0 100 5.1 9,000 1 99.99 6.2 3,000 50 98.33 7.0 30,000 140 99.53 7.8 17,000 180 98.94 8.8 27,000 160 99.41 9.9 12,000 150 98.75 11.9 600 7 98.83 sonal deodorants is the matter of perspiration. Fresh perspiration, in most cases, is not offensive but where bacteria are pres.½nt, an of- fenslye odor can develop in a few hours. This odor can become very serious in 24 hours. The so-called body odor has be- come. increasingly objectionable to people and its elimination has be- The effectiveness of "Nacconol" NRSF against a series of common bacteria is shown in Table 6. Al- though the actual killing of resistant organisms like Staphylococcus au- reus requires 24: hours, the multi~ plication of the bacteria stops at once, and the number is reduced to less than 1% of the original number in 5 minutes. Less resistant organ- isms are completely eliminated in a very short time. The rate at which "Nacconol" NRSF eliminates the very resistant Staphylococcus aureus can be in- creas4d by decreasing the hydrogen ion concentration as shown in Table 7. For many skin prepara- tions lower hydrogen ion concentra- tions are preferred. A deodorant to be effective over any considerable period should have some affinity for the skin. This will cause the material to be held in