DEODORANT PROPERTIES OF NACCONOL 307 T.•B,• 5--DEoDO•,IZI•,rO EFFECT O•r D•,¾ "NAcco•o•" NRSF--HoosEHoLr ODors Household Appreciably Very Strong Odors Deodorizing Deodorization Onion X Garlic • .. Cabbage X .. Sauerkraut X Burnt Crisco • Fish 3• .. come a practical necessity. Where bacteria are to be controlled on the body, as for example under the arms, rapid killing action is not necessary. This makes it possible to find products with low toxicity but with very satisfactory bac- tericidal action. TABbE 6•BAcTEKICIDAL ACTION "Nacconol" NR 1:500 (Ordinary Washing Solution) Time for Organisms Organisms Complete Kill Killed in 5 Minutes, Staphylococcus aureus 24-48 hr. 99.5 Streptococcus hemolyticus 0-5 min. 100 Eberthella typhosa Over 24: hr. 73 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 0-5 min. 100 Diplococcus pneumoniae 1-2 hr. 98.7 Streptococcus mastitidis 0-2 min. 100 TABLE 7--BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF 1:500 "NAccoNo•," NR AOAINST STAPI-IYLOCO(2CUS Auv,•.us pH ,--. 5 Minutes at 37øC. --, Control ,---"Nacconol" NR---, count, Count, Bacteria Millions Millions Killed, per MI. per MI. 2.0 1 0 100 3.8 17,000 0 100 5.1 9,000 1 99.99 6.2 3,000 50 98.33 7.0 30,000 140 99.53 7.8 17,000 180 98.94 8.8 27,000 160 99.41 9.9 12,000 150 98.75 11.9 600 7 98.83 sonal deodorants is the matter of perspiration. Fresh perspiration, in most cases, is not offensive but where bacteria are pres.½nt, an of- fenslye odor can develop in a few hours. This odor can become very serious in 24 hours. The so-called body odor has be- come. increasingly objectionable to people and its elimination has be- The effectiveness of "Nacconol" NRSF against a series of common bacteria is shown in Table 6. Al- though the actual killing of resistant organisms like Staphylococcus au- reus requires 24: hours, the multi~ plication of the bacteria stops at once, and the number is reduced to less than 1% of the original number in 5 minutes. Less resistant organ- isms are completely eliminated in a very short time. The rate at which "Nacconol" NRSF eliminates the very resistant Staphylococcus aureus can be in- creas4d by decreasing the hydrogen ion concentration as shown in Table 7. For many skin prepara- tions lower hydrogen ion concentra- tions are preferred. A deodorant to be effective over any considerable period should have some affinity for the skin. This will cause the material to be held in

308 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS the area where it is to be effective. "Nacconol" NRSF when used in a relatively strong solution forms a loose combination with the skin and remains combined with it even after a light rinse. When fresh perspira- tion is excreted by the skin it dis- solves the combined "Nacconol." This property makes it possible to hold the deodorant in the desired area where it remains effective for a long period of time. DEODORIZATION :BY WASHING AwAY Odors and the bacteria which are their principal cause are associated with the outside of the skin. It is well known that they can be washed away. The extent to which they can be washed away varies greatly with the type of washing preparation used. When the bacteria and waste products from the body are washed away with a strong solution of the "Nacconol" NRSF, a subsequent control over bacteria will result and the deodorizing effect just described will be obtained. In bubble baths, however, the concentration is far too low to exert any antiseptic action and their deodorization is limited to the immediate washing effect. DEODORIZATION BY DESTROYING ODORS • The removal of odors by destroy- ing them involves chemical reac- tion of a greater or lesser magnitude. The odors can be removed by oxida- tion and reasonably mild products are available which have this ac- tion. Even surface-active agents are available which have a strong oxidizing action. In general the ordinary surface-active agent is quite unreactive except in the mat- ter of forming salts. "Nacconol" NRSF can form salts witlx the amino compounds which very often accom- panyodors. If the amino compound is sufficiently complex, the resulting salt will be insoluble. The very strong deodorizing effect of "Nac- conoF' NRSF on Lauryl Amine, as shown in Table 2, is probably largely due to the formation of a salt. APPLICATION OF THE DETERGENT DEODORANT The actual preparation of de- odorants containing an alkyl aryl sulfonate detergent has been ac- complished in a number of ways. They can be applied in creams, liquids, powders, or cakes. In many cases the deodorizing action can be accomplished by the use of the de- tergent in any form. CREAMS Creams are available with a strong deodorant action. These are particularly useful in the kitchen where it is practically impossible to wash the residual smell of fish and onion from the hands. The cream containing "Nacconol" is applied directly to the area where the un- desired odor persists. In this case the detergent behaves strictly as a deodorant. DEODORANT SOLUTIONS Substances to be used as deodor- ants can be applied in solutions such as shampoo solutions and bubble