56 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS 4.4.2. 4.4.3. 4.4.4. 4.4.5. 4.4.6 Length. The synopsis should be as concise as possible. exceptional cases should it exceed 200 words. ence to the paper. (For example it should not cite sections or illustrations by their numerical references in the text.) Content. As the title of the paper is usually read as part of the synopsis, the opening sentence should be framed accordingly so as to avoid repetition of the title. If, however, the title is not suffi- ciently indicative, the opening sentence should indicate the subjects covered. Usually, the beginning of a synopsis should state the objects of the investigation. It is sometimes valuable to indicate the treatment of the subject by words such as--brief, exhaustive, theoretical, etc. The synopsis should indicate newly observed facts, conclusions of an experiment or argument, and if possible, the essential parts of any new theory, treatment, apparatus, technique, etc. It should contain the names of any new compound, mineral species, etc., and any new numerical data, such as physical constants if this is not possible, it should draw attention to them. It is important to refer to new items and observations, even though some may be incidental to the main purpose of the paper such information may otherwise be hidden although in fact it might be very useful. When giving experimental results the synopsis should indicate the methods used for new methods, the basic principle, range of operation, and degree of accuracy should be given. References, citations: If it is necessary to refer in the synopsis to earlier work, the reference should always be given in the same form as in the paper otherwise, references should be omitted. Only in 5. Preparation o[ Manuscripts These should be submitted in duplicate (original and one carbon copy), double-spaced typescript, leaving a 1" (2• cm) margin on the left-hand side, with formulae in careful manuscript. Only one side of the paper should be used. The author should always retain a carbon copy for his own use. To assure typographical correctness in the printed proofs, the following suggestions should be carefully observed in the preparation of manuscripts. 5.1. Matters that are to be set in Greek type should be clearly indicated. Some Greek letters, when handwritten, are difficult to distinguish from similar-looking English letters. In case of both Greek and English letters if not typewritten, it should be made clear if they are to be set in capital or small (lower case) type. 5.2. The letter 1 should be looped when typewritten in equations, etc., to avoid confusion with the figure 1. There should also be a clear

DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS 57 5.3. 5.5. differentiation between zeros and the letter 0 (or the small o) which often look the same when typewritten or handwritten. Superior and inferior positions should be clearly indicated. In general, equations and formulations should be clearly and carefully written, taking care to have all figures and symbols, especially in fractions and equations, in the alignment in which they are to be printed. Footnotes. These as distinct from literature references should be avoided as far as possible. Where they are essentiM, reference is made by the symbols * t • õ II ô in that order. 6. Illustrations All photographs should be black and white, glossy, and unmounted. Diagrams, graphs, charts, etc., should be about twice the final size required, and should be drawn in Indian ink on tracing paper, or on white drawing paper. All letterings and figures should be large enough to be capable of reduction to the required size. The following standard symbols should be used on line drawings since they are easily available to the printers. A A I [] O O O + x ,•, On the back of each illustration, photograph, etc., should be written the author's name and the figure number. Legends for the figures should be supplied on a separate sheet. 6.1. Each illustration, figure, graph, or chart, should be numbered con- secutively using Arabic numerals, e.g. Figure 1. 6.2. Tables should be numbered consecutively, using Roman numerals, e.g. Table I. 7. References The names of all the authors of papers to be cited should be given when reference is first made in the text. In cases where there are more than two authors subsequent citations should give the first-named author followed by the words et al underlined once. References should be indicated in the text by bracketed numbers, and the full reference should be given at the end of the paper in the following form. 7.1. Journals. It is essential that the authors' names and initials, the abbreviated title of the journal, the volume number, the page number, the month and year of publication should be given. Abbreviations of journals should be in accordance with the practice followed by Chemical Abstracts (cf. list of periodicals, abstracted by Chemical Abstracts). If access to that publication is not available then the name of the journal should be given in full.