704 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Ms. Irene Cushman for her assistance in the experimental work and Doctors L. Wolfram and F. Girard for helpful suggestions. REFERENCES (1) J. c. Atkinson, A. Filson, andJ. B. Speakman, Nature, 184,444-5 (1959). (2) H. Zahn and G. Blankenburg, Action of alcohol--water mixtures on wool, Textile Res. J., 34, 176-7 (1964). (3) G. Blankenburg, Tensile properties and supercontraction of wool keratin in aqueous alcoholic solu- tions, Melliand Textilber., 48,686-90 (1967). (4) M. M. Breuer, The effect of alcohols on the mechanical properties of keratin and collagen, Proceedings, First European Biophysics Congress, Vienna, 5,449-54 (1971). (5) M. M. Breuer and J. C. Bell, The binding ofaliphatic alcohols to collagen and keratin, J. Colloid and ln- terfacialSci., 37, 714-20 (1971). (6) M. M. Breuer, Acid titration of keratin fibers and its implication to the fiber structure, Trans Faraday Soc., 60, 1003-9 (1964). (7) J. W. S. Hearle, B. M. Chapman, and G. S. Senior, The interpretation of the mechanical properties of wool, Appl. Polym. Symp., 18, 775-94 (1971). (8) M. Spei and H. Meichelbeck, X-ray diffraction studies on reduced and reduced-extended fibers, Colloid andPolym. Sci., 254, 348-55 (1976). (9) A. Katchalsky and I. Micheali, J. Polym. Sci., 15, 69-86 (1953). (10) M. M. Breuer, The stress-strain isotherm ofkeratin fibers, Biopolymers, 6, 1053-4 (1968). (! 1) D. Rosen, Dielectric properties of protein powders with absorbed water, Trans Faraday Soc., 59, 2178- 90 (!963). (12) P. Alexander and R. F. Hudson, Wool Chemistry and Physics, Reinhold Publ. Co., New York, Pp. !80- 22 !, !954. (13) M. M. Breuer, The hydration of hair and the effect of water on the mechanical properties of hair, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 23,447-70 (!972). (14) M. Feughelman andJ. W. Snaith, Biochem. andBiophys. Acta, 79,203-5 (!964). (15) G. Heidemann and H. Halboth, The swelling of collagen in alcohols, Textile Res. J., 40, 86 !- 2 (1970). (16) T. H. Nemetschek, The effect of crosslinking on the swelling behavior of collagen, Zeitsch. Kolloide Polym., 55, 55-7 (197!). (17) L.J. Wolfram and B. Milligan, Noncovalent bonding in keratin, Proceedings of the 5th International Wool Conference, Aachen, Volume III, 242-25! (!975).
J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 28, 681-694 (November 1977) Methoden zur Bestimmung von Fluorid-Ionen in Zahnpasten III. Trennung der Ionen in Gegenwart grof•er Mengen von Aluminium-Verbindungen. M. HERPOL-BORREMANS**, M. HANOCQ* und M.-O. SCHMITZ-MASSE** Synopsis: A method is proposed for the separation of fluoride ions in toothpastes, which contain large amounts of aluminium compounds. The method involves distillation with superheated steam in a specially designed and fabricated apparatus. This technique has been validated during the examination of all types of toothpastes. * Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et de Toxicologie {Professeur L. Molle}. Institut de Pharmacie, Universitd libre de Bmxelles, Campus Plame, C. P. 205/1, 1050 Bruxelles. * * Ministrite de la Santd Publique. Institut d'Hygi•ne et d'Epid•miologie {Professeur Dr. Lafontamel 14, rue J. Wytsman, 1050 Bruxelles. Ddpartement Pharma-Toxicologie 705
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