AXILLARY ODOR EVALUATION 287 Table I Numbers of Subjects and Judges Used in Deodorant Studies in Four Laboratories B-M Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Study I--Unscented Antiperspirant Lotions Subjects 15 20 20 20 Judges 3 3 3 3 Study II--Scented Antiperspirant Lotions Subjects 13 20 20 20 Judges 3 3 3 3 Study III--Unscented Antiperspirant Aerosols Subjects 19 41 Judges 3 4 raised his right arm, flattening out the axillary vault to enable the judge to evaluate odor in the axilla. The judge evaluated and recorded the odor level of that axilla and then of the contralateral axilla. The subject, with arms held tightly against his sides, then proceeded to the next judge for evaluation. Subjects were evaluated at one-minute intervals and judges rested after evaluating ten subjects. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION UNSCENTED ANTIPERSPIRANT EMULSIONS The odor scores obtained by the tube method at Bristol-Myers (BM) and by direct sniffing at the three contract laboratories in a paired comparison of an aluminum salt roll-on emulsion with an aluminum-free placebo are shown in Table II. The data for BM and Laboratory # 1 are presented graphically in Figure 1. The data show that both laboratories were able to distinguish between the placebo and the complete formulation, although reduced odor levels were reported for both. The markedly reduced odor with placebo at 3 hours is largely a result of the soap/water Table II Odor Scores With Unscented Antiperspirant Emulsions (Days 1 and 2 Combined Judges Combined) B-M Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Hours A B A B A B A B 0 5.82 6.45 5.67 5.50 6.98 6.95 7.02 7.02 3 4.50 a 1.85 • 3.00 • 1.95 • 4.22 3.48 3.02 2.65 6 4.87 • 1.82 a 4.18 2.98 5.24 4.31 4.56 4.13 24 5.06 2.88 4.52 3.43 7.03 b 6.38 •' 7.05 7.06 A = Placebo. B = Active. • Active product significantly better than placebo significant differences in efficacy among judges, how- ever. b Active product significantly better than placebo significant differences in efficacy between days, however.

288 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS LAB I ODOR SCORE 8 UNSCENTEB FORMULATIONS PLACEBO 6 24 TIME (HOURS) AFTER APPLICATION ACTIVE 6 24 Figure 1. Axillary odor scores with unscented lotions. Test tube method (BM) vs direct sniffing (Lab 1). wash just prior to application. The return of malodor in the placebo-treated axilla is more rapid than in the axilla treated with complete formula. Figure 2 compares the data from Laboratory #2 with BM data on the same formula- tions. The contract laboratory had considerable difficulty distinguishing between the active and placebo, tending to score both on the high side. LAB 2 ODOR SCORE 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I UNSCENTED FORMUL^TI ONS PLACEBO 6 24 ACT I VE o 3 6 24 TIME (HOURS) AFTER APPLICATION Figure 2. Axillary odor scores with unscented lotions. Test tube method (BM) vs direct sniffing (Lab 2).