DRY FACIAL SKIN 177 neum, a physical property linked to both water content and thickness. TEWL and SER are not relevant parameters to adequately describe this type of dry skin. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank Ms. A. M. Francois and Mr. T. J. Stoudemayer for their consider- able help during this experiment. REFERENCES (lO) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (1) A.M. Kligman, R. M. Lavker, G. L. Grove, and T. J. Stoudemayer, "Some Aspects of Dry Skin and Its Treatment," in Safety and Efficacy of Topical Drugs and Cosmetics, A. M. Kligman and J. J. Leyden Eds. (Grune and Stratton, New York, 1982), pp. 221-238. (2) J. L. Leveque, Physical methods for skin investigation, Int. J. Dermatol., 22, 368-375 (July 1983). (3) G. E. Nilson, Measurement of water exchange through skin, &led. and Bid. Eng. Cornput., 15, 209-218 (1977). (4) D. Saint Leger, C. Berrebi, C. Duboz, and P. Agache, The Lipometre: An easy tool for rapid quanti- tation of skin surface lipids in man, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 265, 79-89 (1979). (5) D. Saint Leger and E. Cohen, Practical study of qualitative and quantitative sebum excretion on the human forehead, Brit. J. Dermatol., 113, 551-557 (1985). (6) J. de Rigal and J. L. Leveque, In vivo measurement of the stratum comeurn elasticity, Bioengineering and the Skin, 1, 13-23 (1985). (7) J. L. Leveque and J. de Rigal, Impedance methods for studying skin moisturization, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 34, 419-428 (1983). (8) P. Corcuff, F. Chatenay, and D. Saint Leger, Hair-skin relationships: A new approach to desquama- tion, Bioengineeering and the Skin, 6, 133-139 (1985). (9) E. R. Cooper, P.J. Missel, D. P. Harmon, and G. B. Albright, Mechanical properties of dry, normal, and glycerol-treated skin as measured by the gas-bearing electrodynamameter, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 36, 335-348 (1985). K. A. Grice and F. R. Bettley, Skin water loss and accidental hypothermia in psoriasis, ichtyosis and erythroderma, Brit. Med. J., 4, 195-198 (1967). H. Baker and A.M. Kligman, Measurement of transepidermal water loss by electrical hygrometry, Arch. Derm., 96, 441-452 (1967). G. E. PieraM, Xerosis and dry skin are not synonymous, Meeting: Methods for Evaluating the Effects of Moisturizers on Skin, Philadelphia, May 1985. D. T. Downing, M. E. Stewart, and J. S. Strauss, Changes in sebum secretion and the sebaceous gland, Dermatol. Clin., 4, 419-423 (July 1986). G. L. Grove, Exfoliative cytological procedures as a non-intrusive method for dermato!ogical studies, J. Invest. Dermatol., 73, 67-74 (1979). A. W. Fulmer and G. J. Kramer, Epidermal turn-over in dry and normal dry skin. Meeting of American Academy of Dermatology, Las Vegas, 1986.
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