FT-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 267 redox products can be used as markers of hair damage. These, in turn, may help in developing and testing milder cosmetic products for hair. The ease of use, and the wealth of information it provides, makes it one of the most useful spectroscopic tech- niques in hair research. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere thanks are due to Dr. Chris Petty and Mr. Dave Messenger of Nicolet Instru- ments, and to Dr. Richard Jackson and Ms. Joanne Fortunato of Mattson Instruments, for their invaluable help in obtaining FT-Raman data. REFERENCES (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) c. Robbins, Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair (Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1988). I. C. Watt, Sorption of water vapor by keratin, J. Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem., C18(2), 169-245 (1980). B. Forslind, in Hair and Hair Disease, C. E. Orfanos and R. Happie, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1980), pp. 73-97. D. R. Graham and K. W. Statham, Tryptophan in wool, Text. Res. J., 30, 136-139 (1960). P. Hendra, C. Jones, and G. Warnes, Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (Ellis Harwood, 1991). F. S. Parker, Applications of Infrared, Raman, and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Biochemistry (Plenum Press, New York, 1983). P. Carey, Biochemical Applications of Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopies (Academic Press, New York, 1982). E. G. Bendit, Infrared absorption spectrum of keratin. I. Spectra of tx-, [3-, and supercontracted keratin, Biopolymers, 4, 539-559 (1966). C. Robbins, Infrared analysis of oxidized keratins, Text. Res. J., 811-813 (1967). J. Strasburger and M. Breuer, Quantitative Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of oxidized hair, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 36, 61-74 (1985). A. Strasheim and K. Buijs, An infra-red study of the oxidation of the disulfide bond in wool, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 47, 538-541 (1961). C. Dubief, Experiments with hair photodegradation, Cosmet. Toiletr., 95-102 (1992). C. Pande and J. Jachowicz, Hair photodamage--Measurement and prevention, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 44, 109-122 (1993). A. T. Tu, Raman Spectroscopy in Biology (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982). B. G. Frushour and J. L. Koenig, in Advances in Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies, Vol. I, R. J. H. Clark and R. E. Hester, Eds. (Heyden, 1975), pp. 35-97. V.J. Lin, Structure and Conformational Studies of Biological Macromolecules by Vibrational Spectroscopy, (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI). J. Menkart, L. J. Wolfram, and I. Mao, Caucasian hair, negro hair, and wool: Similarities and differences, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 17, 769 (1966). C. Pande, manuscript in preparation. A. T. Tu, in Spectroscopy of Biological Systems, R. J. H. Clark and R. E. Hester, Eds. (john Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1986). W. Chen, S. Nie, J. F. R. Kuck, Jr., and N. Yu, Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman and conventional Raman studies of calf •/-crystallins in lyophilized state in solution, Biophys. J., 60, 447-455 (1991).
268 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS (21) G. J. Thomas Jr. and B. Prescott, Structure similarity, difference and variability in the filamentous viruses fd, Ifl, Ike, Pfl and Xf, J. Mol. Biol., 165, 321-356 (1983). (22) S. Tanaka, H. Iimura, and T. Sugiyama, Study of the test method of reduction and recovery of disulfide bond in human hair, J. SCCJ. (Japan), 25(4), 232-239 (1992). (23) L. Wolfram, "The Reactivity of Human Hair," in Hair Research, C. E. Orfanos et al., Eds. (Springer- Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1981), pp. 479-500. (24) S. Pervaiz, W. K. Jones, S. Yadow, A. Radha, T. Ramanathan, M. Alvarez, and N. Zaias, Meeting of the New York Academy of Sciences, The Molecular and Structural Biology of Hair, Washington D.C., Jan 23-25, 199l (abstract). (25) M.D. Byler and H. Susi, Examination of the secondary structure of proteins by deconvolved FTIR spectra, Biopolymers, 25, 469-487 (1986).
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