Khan
et
al.
–
2021
Single
blind clinical study
Malus
domestica
12
12
weeks
Human
Transepidermal
water
loss
Topical
application
over
bilateral
cheeks
daily
n/a
water-in-oil
emulsion:
Oily
Phase: 16%–24% Parrafin
oil,
2–3%
Abil
EM90,
3%
Bees
wax
Water
phase:
3%
Anthocyanin
extract,
100%
purified
water
Placebo
(vehicle)
Decrease
in transepidermal
water
loss. Increase
in
skin
moisture
content.
Increase
in
skin
sebum
content.
Decrease
in
skin
erythema. Decrease
in
skin
melanin
content.
Anthocyanins
inhibit
tyrosinase activity, suppressing melanogenesis.
Beeswax
may
explain
the reduced transepidermal
water
loss
by
creating
a hydrophobic
barrier
over
the
skin.
Increase
in
sebum
content
may
be
explained
by
the
paraffin
oil
used
within
the formulation,
which
is
a
thick
viscous
oily liquid.
None
Luu
et
al.
–
2019
Controlled clinical trial
not
specified,
apple
cider vinegar
22
2
weeks
Human
Atopic
dermatitis
Soaking
of
one forearm
daily
for
ten
minutes
in
a
0.5%
bath
n/a
n/a
tap
water
Increased
trans-epidermal
water
loss
at
0
and
15
minutes
after
soaking,
which
returned
back
to
baseline
after
30
minutes.
Overall,
no improvement
in
skin
barrier integrity
was
found
Apple
cider
vinegar
is
proven
to
acidify
skin
which
could
hold
therapeutic
potential
for patients
with
atopic
dermatitis,
who
have disrupted
skin
pH.
Seventy
three
percent
of
subjects
with
atopic
dermatitis
reported
mild
skin
discomfort
of
the
arm
soaked
in
apple
cider vinegar.
One
atopic
dermatitis
subject experienced
severe
pruritus,
moderate burning,
and
erosion
on
the ACV-treated
forearm
which
resolved
within
2
days
of discontinuing
ACV
soaks
the
subject
did
not
resume
the
study.
One
subject
in
the
control
group experienced
a nonpruritic papular
rash,
which
resolved
without treatment.
(
)

Table
II
(
)
Data
Points
Collected
From
the
Papers
Relevant
to
the
Systematic
Review
Manuscript
Type
of
Study
Apple
Species
Sample Size
Study Duration
Subject Species
Study Objective
Application
Combined
with Anything?
Any
Additional Interesting
Ingredient
Processing
or formulation
specifics
Controls
Effects
on
Skin
Possible
Mechanisms
Side
effects/adverse
effects
Luu
et
al.
–
2021
Controlled clinical trial
not
specified,
apple
cider vinegar
22
2
weeks
Human
Atopic
dermatitis
Soaking
of
one forearm
daily
for
ten
miuntes
in
a
0.5%
bath
n/a
n/a
tap
water
Study
concludes
that
daily
soaks
in
0.5%
apple
cider
vinegar
are
not
an
effective
method
of
altering
the
skin
bacterial microbiome
in
atopic
dermatitis
Apple
cider
vinegar
is
known
to
prevent
ex-vivo
bacterial
growth
and
biofilm
formation
of
various
human
skin
pathogens,
including
S. aureus.
none
Meynadier
et
al.
–
1982
Case
report
not
specified
1
n/a
Human
Urticaria
in atopic patients
Topical
application
of
fruit
extract
n/a
n/a
n/a
Contact
urticaria
Hypersensitivity
seen
in
atopy
can
result
in
the formation
of
an
IgE
related reaction
involving
the
skin
to foreign
allergens
like
fruits.
Urticaria
Riccio
et
al.
–
2018
Experimental study
Malus
pumila Miller
cv. Annurca
12
4
weeks
Mouse
Chemotherapy induced alopecia
Topical
application
of
foam
applied
to
the
dorsal
skin
twice
a
week
for
four
weeks
Combined
with
water,
glycerin, decylglucoside, polysorbate, maltodextrin, potassium sorbate,
sodium
benzoate,
and
silica
to formulate
a foam.
The
Annurca
apple
extract
used
in
this
experiment
is
a
industrial procyanidinic
extract
of Annurca
apple
called
AnnurtriComplex
which
was produced
by MB-Med
in
Turin,
Italy
The
control
used
was
chemically formulated
the
same
as
the experimental
foam
but
it
did
not
contain AnnurtriComplex
Hair
promoting
effect.
Annurca
apple
extract
reprograms metabolism
in
hair
follicles shifting
the balance
towards
increased β-oxidation
and
reduced metabolism through
NADPH
dependent pathways.As
a
result,
DNA replication
and
mitosis
do
not
take
place increasing
the
amount
of
free
amino
acids
for
keratin production. Furthermore,
Annurca
apple
extract promotes
hair
growth
by increasing intracellular
levels
of
Prostaglandin F2αthrough
this
metabolic reprogramming.
None