84 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS expansion in the fluoridation program and improved diet has and will lessen the future problem of the toothpaste and mouthwash manufacturer. Reports in Evanston at the end of their eight and one-half year program show an over-all decrease of 64 per cent in the rate of decay in the permanent teeth of six-to-eight-year olds living in Evanston since birth. It has been stated that the day of the "miracle" ingredient in tooth pastes is over and that now the emphasis is on selling a good cleansing product. If superior bactericides can augment this anticaries action, such prod- ucts will of course be available. The oral hygienist will also find a quicker and more efficient product to remove the tartar from the discolored teeth. The cosmetic chemist will do well to pay heed to the new developments in the packaging industry. The revolution that has taken place in the last decade, need not be recited. Most of these improvements center on ease of application. The con- sumer is willing to pay a premium for convenience packaging. Increased sales of plastic containers, films and aerosols have created new industries. The chemist will not be able to develop the product without considering the packaging material. We will see more "one shot" use packages and more applicator type of containers and plastics of greater stability and unreactive properties. The fabulous growth of the use of aerosols is clearly noted by comparing sales of these items from 1951, 1954 and 1955. In 1951 total aerosol sales were 34.2 million cans of which roughly 10 per cent was for personal use. In 1954 this quantity reached 169.4 million cans of which 82.7 million were per- sonal products. 1955 shows further increases--236.8 million cans of which 113.4 million were again personal products. It is conservatively estimated that sales in 1956 will be an additional 15 per cent over the 1955 figures. As you can see, this has opened a new field of specialization to the cosmetic chemist. It is encouraging to note the wealth of basic data that has been published in our Jot•R•^L by Root (13) and Reed (14). The problems besetting this new industry are being attacked on a scientific basis. It is a far cry from the "trial and error" work done in the early days of cosmetic manufacture. Up to now the greatest sales have been in cans. The close physical re- semblance to beer cans has limited cosmetic sales. However, the recent expanded production of plastic coated bottles has overcome this "package appeal" problem. The only drawback with this package is that the cost has withheld sales to the higher resale priced items such as colognes. There have been new advances which will alter this situation. The use of lower cost hydrocarbon propellents such as butane is one factor. Heavier weight glass bottles will be produced that will adequately hold

LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE 85 lower pressures. This type of bottle plus the lower content, low-cost hy- drocarbon propellents will then make available a moderate priced package. Such a combination will thereby also eliminate the corrosion problem and the necessity of high alcoholic content. The way will be opened for higher water content products--therefore a wider range of cosmetics can then be packaged. A wetter spray.will result and the cold shock of the initial spray will no longer be present. It is doubtful that much reduction in valve cost can be expected but the new mechanical break-up valve offers the opportunity for a slight decrease and better atomization. The many advantages of this aerosol container for the drug-cosmetic type of products that I have outlined are quite well presented in Root's paper (15) which appeared in/leroso//lge this year. In closing, I would like to give my thoughts on the future of our So½•T¾. I do feel we have excellent representation in our group of members in our industry. However, I do hope it will be possible for all of the new, young chemists--the recent graduates, to join with us and be active in the So- cI•T¾, to keep this larger organization vital and free from hardening of the arteries. It is my hope, and I am sure my wishes will be fulfilled, that our SocI•wv will cooperate with European groups to perpetuate a greater exchange of information on an international basis. This can be done without any loss of identity. Both Robert A. Kramer and Maison G. deNavarre have been and are now exploring these possibilities with our fellow European chemists. REFERENCES (1) Lauffer, P. G. I., J. Soe. COSMEtric CI•EV[., 7, 26 (1956). (2) Evans, R. L., [bid., 2, 48 (1950). (3) Schwartz, L., and Peck, S. M., "Cosmetics and Dermatitis," New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., (1946), pp. 61-62. (4) Lerner, A. B., Denton, C. R., and Fitzpatrick, T. B., y. Investigative Derrnatol., 20, 299 (1953). (5) Conley, V. L., Today's Health, 34, 33 (1956). (6) Shelley, W. L., 7. Atrn. Med. _/lssoc., 159, 1736 (1955). (7) Kalish, J., Drug & Cosmetic Ind., 77, 614 (1955). (8) Klarmann, E.G., J. Soe. Cosv[E•rie Ci•EV[., 7, 85 (1956). (9) Evening News, Petoskey, Mich., July 31, 1956. (10) Ghuysen, J. M., and Leger, G., Cornpt. rend. soc. biol., 148, 1691 (1954). (11) Marton, O. L., "Cosmetics and Toiletties for Men," A. C. S. Symposium, Sepf. 20, 1956. (12) Hamilton, J. B., •e. Clin. Endocrinol., 1, 570 (1941). (13) Root, M. J., J. Soc. Cosv[Eq'm Ci•Ev[., 7, 149 (1956). (14) Reed, F. T., [bid., 7, 139 (1956). (15) Root, M. J., ./lerosol./lge, 1, 30 (1956).