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•. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 15• 761-768 (1964) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DANDRUFF AND THE MICROBIAL FLORA OF THE HUMAN SCALP* By RAYMOND W. VANDERWYK, PH.D.,. and FRANK C. RO•A, M.S.} Presented •une 22-26, 196•, Third Congress International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists, New York City ABSTRACT A quantitative gravimetric method of measuring the amount of human dandruff scales is described. When the scalps of nine males were treated with an antimicrobial agent for twenty-eight days, a significant lessening in scale (scurf) production was seen. The scalp microbial flora was judged to be one of the factors responsible for scurf production. Dandraft can be controlled by as much as 55% when the microbial flora is eliminated. INTRODUCTION The human scalp provides a favorable environment for the growth of a number of micro6rganisms. It supports those which are lipophilic, kera- tinolytic and saccharolytic. Aerobes and anaerobes flourish equally well. From reports in the literature and from studies carried out by the authors, approximately 25 species of bacteria and 15 species of yeasts have been isolated from the human scalp (1-7). Future studies will probably extend this number, especially since the molds have not been thoroughly investi- gated. Since any combination of organisms might be found on the scalp at any one time, the task of determining the relationship of any one of them to dandruff would be a most difficult one. A logical approach to the question of microbial etiology is to eliminate the microbial flora completely. There- * Research from the Department of Microbiology, Division of Biological Sciences, Massa- chusetts College of Pharmacy, and supported by a grant from John H. Breck Inc. t Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Boston, Mass. 02115. 761