128 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS AMP AMPD AEPD DEA TEA • TIPA 7 6 20 4 80 100 % Neutrolizotion Figure 1. Change in pH value of 3% VEM resin solids in anhydrous ethanol neutralized to different degree with various amino alcohols MEA MIPA I .E 150 o (_9 50 • • =.__.. -=---=-- 0 ' I , I , I , 70 80 90 % Relotive Humidify Figure 2. Hygroscopicity of various amino alcohols vs. relative humidity at 30ø0 for the neutralization of the same amount of the carboxylic resin to the same percentage of neutralization, the amounts of the amino alcohols are calculated in mol percentages. Then, for example, we would use the amount of ethanolamine (mol wt 61.09) about 2.5 times less by weight than triethanolamine (mol wt 149.19). After recalculating the results from the Figs. 2 and 3, from weight gain in grams of moisture per gram of amino alcohol to grams of moisture per mol of amino alcohol at 85% RH and 30øC, we obtain the data shown in Table II, which shows that there is a relatively small variation in hygroscopicity when calculated as a weight gain of water per mol of amino alcohol. Based on the data in Table II, we can say that all amino alcohols tested would have but small effect on the variation in hygroscopicity of carboxylic resin, neutralized with these amino alcohols. Experimental results in Fig. 4 verify this. The same similarity is observed in the varia- tion of Sward Hardness which also is not very affected by different amino alcohols (Table III).

NEUTRALIZATION OF CARBOXYLIC RESIN 129 200 AMP AMPD ._• 150 AS • AEPD •100 •0 o , •'o ' do ' ½o ' % Relative Humidity Figure 3, Hygroscopicity of variou amino alcohols rs. relative huidity at 30øC 4O ½ 3o •o DEA T I PA TEA MEA AMP AB AMPD A[PD •o , 7t ' do ' ½o ' % Relative Humidity Figure 4. Hygroscopicity of VEM resin 90% neutralized with various amino alcohols vs. relative humidity at 30 ø C Table II Hygroscopicity of Amino Alcohols at 85% RH and 30øC Weight Gain Mol Wt g/100 g g/real AMP 89.14 125 AB 89.14 110 98 AEPD 119.16 72 86 AMPD 105.14 103 108 MEA 61.09 205 125 DEA 105.14 103 108 TEA 149.19 70 104 MIPA 75.11 170 128 DIPA 133.19 90 120 TIPA 191.27 37 71 Additionally, the variation in solubility of neutralized resin in an- hydrous ethanol (50% and 3% total solids) and ethanol-Freon mixtures