258 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS HLB VALUE HLB values of new surface active agents were evaluated by a method similar to that reported by Ohba (1), using sorbitan stearate (N-SS-10 ©, Nikko Chemicals Co. Ltd.), which has an HLB of 4.7 and polysorbate 60 (N-TS-10 ©, Nikko), which has an HLB of 14.9. WATER NUMBER (W. N.) To a well-mixed oil phase consisting of an emulsifier (0.5 g) and liquid paraffin (4.5 g), water was added dropwise with vigorous mechanical stirring (900 rpm) at 20øC until the emulsified system could hold no more water. The maximum quantity of emulsified water was recorded, and this quantity referred to as the water number (W. N.) defined by the expression, W. N. = V/5, where V denotes the maximum volume (ml) of water that can be emulsified. DISPERSIVE POWER Dispersive power of the surfactants was evaluated on the basis of dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2, ca.30 m•t, as a dispersoid) in liquid paraffin. The experimental method is as follows: A mixture of a surfactant (0.1 g) dissolved in liquid paraffin (9.8 g) and TiO2 (0.1 g), contained in a 25-ml test tube, was shaken 100 times at room temperature. After standing for 18 hr at ambient temperature, 0.5 ml of the supernatant liquid was carefully skimmed out and diluted to 50 ml with liquid paraffin with vigorous shaking. Absorbance of the resulting suspension in which TiO2 particles are still dispersed was measured at 300 nm. PHASE DIAGRAM Phase diagrams for ternary system, surfactant-liquid paraffin-water, were obtained according to the method of Tsugita, et al. (2). X-RAY ANALYSIS The structures of emulsions were examined by means of X-ray small-angle diffraction with a Geigerflex 2027 (Rigaku Denki Co. Ltd.) X-ray diffractometer. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) CMR spectra were recorded on aJEOLJNM-FX 100 Spectrometer with tetramethylsil- ane as the internal standard. The chemical shifts were represented by 8 unit. Spin-lattice (longitudinal) relaxation times (T•'s) of carbons were measured by means of inversion-recovery technique [(T-180ø-t-90ø)/pulse sequence]. MASS SPECTRA GC/MS measurement was carried out with a JEOL JMS-D 300 Mass Spectrometer interfaced to a JEOL JGC-20KP Gas Chromatograph.

NEW NON-IONIC SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS 259 oo II I I I I o I I I o o o -d o