15 COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF C LAPPACEA SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Ingredients in the C lappacea extract cream: ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, propylene glycol, octocrylene, isopropyl palmitate, glycerin, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, cetyl alcohol, Cl 77,891, cetearyl alcohol, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, centella asiatica extract, aloe barbadensis leaf juice, ceteareth-20, diazolidinyl urea, citrus aurantium amara flower oil, fragrance, methylparaben, C lappacea extract, tocopheryl acetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, propyl paraben, polysorbate 80, sodium benzoate, Cl 42,090, chlorphenesin, Cl 19,140, methylisothiazolinone, and deionized water. The control product was identical but excluded the C lappacea extract. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS O.R. and W.P. conceived the project, designed the trial, performed all data collection, analyzed and interpreted the experimental results, and wrote the manuscript. M.T. contributed to experimental design, supported the clinical trial, helped interpret experimental results, and managed the research project. A.I. and T.K. contributed to experimental design, supported the clinical trial, helped interpret experimental results, managed the research project, and approved the final manuscript. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge Fund and Research and Development Institute, as well as Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (Bangkok, Thailand), for financial support and assistance. The authors additionally thank everyone who cooperated and assisted with this study. REFERENCES (1) M.A. Farage, K.W. Miller, P. Elsner, H.I. Maibach, Characteristics of the aging skin, Adv. Wound. Care., 2, 5–10 (2013). (2) N.A. Vashi, M.B de Castro Maymone, R.V. Kundu, Aging differences in ethnic skin, J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol., 9, 31–38 (2016). (3) M. Norsaengsri, P. Chantaranothai, The tribe Centotheceae (Poaceae) in Thailand, Thai. For. Bull (Bot.)., 36, 52–60 (2008). (4) T. Kamoltham, S. Rungsimakan, K. Supan, and P. Rodsienglump, Chemical constituents of Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. Aerial parts, J. Thai. Trad. Alt. Med., 15, 14–29 (2017). (5) T. Kamoltham, J. Manosroi, C. Chankhampan, W. Manosroi, and A. Manosroi, In vitro anti-aging activities of Centotheca lappacea (L) desv. (Ya repair) extract, Chiang. Mai. J. Sci., 44(X): 1–12 (2017). (6) J. Tinlapat, K. Ingkaninan, S. Meethang, S. Munsing, and A. Hematulin, The radioprotective potential of Centotheca lappacea (L) desv. extract in human endothelial cell, J. Assoc. Med. Sci., 53, 55–61 (2020). (7) N. Mookratsameepath and N. Sirisoontornluk, Study and development of Centotheca Leppacea (L.) Desv. extract for cosmetic applications, A Special Project for the Degree of Doctor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 2015. (8) H. S. Ryu, Y. H. Joo, S. O. Kim, K. C. Park, and S. W. Youn, Influence of age and regional differences on skin elasticity as measured by the Cutometer, Skin. Res. Technol., 14, 354–358 (2008).

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