DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS 275 4.4.1. 4.4.2. 4.4.3. 4.4.4. 4.4.5. 4.4.6. 4.5. every paper is therefore requested to provide also a synopsis of it, in accordance with the following suggestions. Use complete sentences rather than a mere list of headings. Any reference to the author of the article should be in the third person. Standard rather than proprietary terms should be used. Unnecessary contractions should be avoided. It should be presumed that the reader has some knowledge of the subject but has not read the paper. The synopsis should therefore be intelligible in itself without refer- ence to the paper. (For example it should not cite sections or illus- trations by their numerical references in the text.) Content. As the title of the paper is usually read as part of the synopsis, the opening sentence should be framed accordingly so as to avoid repetition of the title. If, however, the title is not sufficiently indicative, the opening sentence should indicate the subjects covered. Usually, the beginning of a synopsis should state the objects of the investigation. It is sometimes valuable to indicate the treatment of the subject by words such as--brief, exhaustive, theoretical, etc. The synopsis should indicate newly observed facts, conclusions of an experiment or argument, and if possible, the essential parts of any new theory, treatment, apparatus, technique, etc. It should contain the names of any new compound, mineral species, etc., and any new numerical data, such as physical constants if this is not possible, it should draw attention to them. It is important to refer to new items and observations, even though some may be incidental to the main purpose of the paper such information may otherwise be hidden although in fact it might be very useful. When giving experimental results the synopsis should indicate the methods used for new methods, the basic principle, range of opera- tions, and degree of accuracy should be given. Re/erences, citations: If it is necessary to refer in thc synopsis to earlier work, the reference should always be given in the same form as in the paper otherwise, references should be omitted. Length. The synopsis should be as concise as possible. Only in exceptional cases should it exceed 200 words. Key words: Key words for computerized information, storage and retrieval should be incorporated in the Synopsis, where possible, or be appended to the same. For easy identification, these should be typed in capital letters.

276 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS 5. PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS These should be submitted in duplicate (original and one carbon copy), double-spaced typescript, leaving a 30 mm margin on the left-hand side, with formulae in careful manuscript. Only one side of the paper should be used. The author should always retain a carbon copy for his own use. To assure typographical correctness in the printed proofs, the following suggestions should be carefully observed in the preparation of manuscripts. 5.1. Matters that are to be set in Greek type should be clearly indicated. Some Greek letters, when handwritten, are difficult to distinguish from similar-looking English letters. In case of both Greek and English letters if not typewritten, it should be made clear if they are to be set in capital or small (lower case) type. 5.2. The letter 1 should be looped when typewritten in equations, etc., to avoid confusion with the figure 1. There should also be a clear differ- entiation between zeros and the letter O (or the small o) which often look the same when typewritten or handwritten. 5.3. Superior and inferior positions should be clearly indicated. 5.4. In general, equations and formulations should be clearly and carefully written, taking care to have all figures and symbols, especially in fractions and equations, in the alignment in which they are to be printed. 5.5. Commas should be replaced by a space in numbers exceeding three figures, i.e. 1 000, or 0.521 06. When referring to units per units, the superior index should be used, thus N-2 m not N/m2. Footnotes.' These, as distinct from literature references, should be avoided as far as possible. Where they are essential, reference is made by the symbols * t ++ õ I I ô in that order. 5.6. 5.7. 6. ILLUSTRATIONS All photographs should be black and white, glossy, and unmounted. Diagrams, graphs, charts, etc., should be about twice the final size required, and should be drawn in Indian ink on tracing paper, or on white drawing paper. All letterings and figures should be large enough to be capable of reduction to the required size. The following standard symbols should be used on line drawings since they are easily available to the printers: .• /x • rs • + o o x •