CLINICAL EVALUATION OF GAC EXTRACT 185 Figure 6. Primos illustrations from the subject with the most extensive visual results. Figure 7. The subject was overlook checked after product application. The subject with the best visual re- sults exhibited skin roughness reduction and skin lightening.

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 186 Table V Results of Gac Extract Irritation Testing Product MII values at 30 min MII values at 24 h MII values at 48 h Gac extract 0.000 0.000 0.000 30 min, 24 h and 48 h, (MII) (Table V).Gac extract was observed MII values of 0.00 (MII values of 0.00 exhibited no irritation) after 30 min, 24 h or 48 h of exposure. Thus, Gac extract is classifi ed as safe product for use in skin creams. CONCLUSIONS Gac extract has potential utility as an antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor in skin care products. A novel Gac cream formulation was developed and evaluated. The Gac cream was a nonirritating product that lightened skin, signifi cantly increased smoothness and moisture, and reduced skin wrinkles. Gac extract can thus be considered an effective an- tiwrinkle cream component. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The 90th anniversary scholarship from the Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, to Pakapun Leevutinun is gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES (1) P.P. Bhushan and L.B. Sachin, “Polyphenols: A Remedy for Skin Wrinkles” in Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease, R.W. Ronald, R.P. Victor, and Z. Sherma. Eds., Academic Press-Elsevier, CA. pp. 861–869 (2014). (2) L.T. Vuong, A.A. Franke, J.L. Cluster, and P.S. Murphy, Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (gac) fruit carotenoids re-evaluated, J. Food Comp. Anal., 19, 664–668 (2006). (3) J. Kubola and S. Siriamornpun, Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of different fruit fractions (peel, pulp, aril and seed) of Thai gac (Mormordica cochinchinensis Spreng), Food Chem., 127, 1138–1145 (2011). (4) L.T Vuong, Under-utilized beta-carotene-rich crops of Vietnam, Food Nutr. Bull., 21(2), 173–181 (2000). (5) C. Hoang, P. Thi, P.J. Osorio, and W. Yves, Stability of carotenoid extracts of Gac (Momordica cochi- nchinensis) towards cooxidation—Protective effect of lycopene on Beta-carotene, Food Res. Int., 44, 2252–2257 (2011). (6) P.M. Nguyen, Investigation the different ratios of carrier material to protect carotenoids in gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) powder in drying process, Int. J. Multidiscip. Res. Dev., 1(2), 71–76 (2014). (7) J. Kubola, N. Meeso, and S. Siriamornpun, Lycopene and beta carotene concentration in aril oil of gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) as infl uenced by aril-drying process and solvents extraction, Food Res. Int., 50, 664–669 (2013). (8) P. Klungsupya, J. Saenkhum, T. Muangman, U. Rerk-Am, S. Laovitthayanggoon, and W. Leelamanit, Non-cytotoxic property and DNA protective activity against H2O2 and UVC of Thai gac fruit extracts in human TK6 cells, JAPS, 02(04), 4–8 (2012). (9) P. Klungsupya, W. Tiatragoon, T. Muangman, J. Eiamwat, S. Laovitthayanggoon, J. Thongdo-A, and S. Trangwacharakul, Investigation on phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Momordica cochinchinensis (gac) fruit extracted by supercritical fl uid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) method, Thai J. Pharm. Sci., 38, 29–32 (2013). (10) H.C. Mai, V. Truong, B. Haut, and F. Debaste, Impact of limited drying on mormordica cochinchinensis Spreng. aril carotenoids content and antioxidant activity, J. Food Eng., 118, 358–364 (2013).