Book Reviews DETERGENCY, THEORY AND TEST METHODS, PART 1, Edited by W. G. Cutler and R. C. Davis. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1972. 451 pages, indexed. The contributors to this reference work have each written excellent re- views of the nine topics covered after W. G. Cutler's introduction in Chapter 1. The second chapter deals with definitions of terms used in the study of detergency and the third chapter is an interesting review of the skin as an important source of laundry soil. Chapters 4 through 6 cover detergency theory and Chap- ters 7 through 10 are concerned with laboratory evaluation and test methodology. The book would cer- tainly be of great value to new work- ers in the field as well as a valuable reference and summary of labora- tory knowledge for those who are currently trying to further our under- standing of detergency. In the introduction, the fact that the detergency process is widely used to cleanse millions of pounds of soiled fabric daily is used as an in- dication of the importance of the subject. It is also pointed out that "many investigators have decided that the only acceptable test is a practical one conducted under the conditions encountered in actual end-use application." It could be stated further that some kind of practical end-use testing has to be used to relate the theories and em- piricism to the expectations and needs of the millions of persons cleaning soiled fabric daily. This is an idea full of difficulties in devising meaningful experiments since one has to rely on careful experimental design to bring scientific understand- ing to a test situation that could suf- fer from lack of scientific "control" of the variables. As pointed out in Chapter 9 by J. J. Cramer, individual subjectivity can also enter into the process. However, it is a subject which must be considered before any work can claim thoroughness or pro- vide the user with an objective way of determining what the test methods mean. R. C. Davis points out in his excellent chapter on Soil Redeposi- tion that even after 25 years of exten- sive research the mechanism of rede- position is still not clear. The relation of laboratory methods to consumer expectations may even be less clear but it must have received at least a similar amount of effort. While the topics for Part II are set, it could be an obvious service to this field of 147

148 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS study if the editors would consider a Part III devoted to the subject of the relation of laboratory methods to end-use results. A minor point which makes the equations and text difficult to follow is the widespread use of underlining for all equation variables, subscripts, reference numbers, and Latin abbre- viations as well as important head- ings and subheadings. In the opinion of this reviewer, the use of italic type, where appropriate, would have made the reading a little easier, par- tieularly in the equations.-W. A. FAno•E--Lever Brothers Co. SYSTEMATIC ANA•.YSIS OF SUnFACE- ACTIVE AGENTS, 2nd Ed., by Milton Rosen and Henry Goldsmith. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1972. xxvi + 591 pages. Price $27.50. Twelve years have elapsed since the publication of the first edition of this standard work, which is un- doubtedly familiar to anyone in- volved with the analvsis of surface- active materials. The intervening years have, of course, brought nu- merous changes-not so much through the development of new in- strumentation as through the ad- vancement of the use of these instru- ments h'om eorroborational aids to more or less primary teehniqnes. The new edition of "Rosen and Gold- smith" reflects this attitudinaI change in several ways. As in the first edition, the text is divided into five chapters, with the chapter on separations now appear- ing before the qualitative and quan- titative chapters. This chapter has been expanded considerably, having now nearly 150 references where the first edition had 9. (For the book as a whole the number of references cited has increased by a factor of four or five. These are inclusive of 1989 with a handful after that. ) The chapter formerly called "Qualitative Analysis of Surface-Ac- tive Agents" now earties the title "Structural Analysis and Identifica- tion of Individual Surface-Active Agents," which is a fair indication of the increase in the influence of in- strumental techniques. This chapter also contains a new section on the identification of extraneous materials commonly found in commercial sur- factants. The "rational systematization" of surfaetant analysis, which was the primary aim of the original work, is still founded on batch liquid-liquid extraction and ion-exchange separa- tion of relatively large samples into sub-groups and sub-sub-groups, etc., with the instrumental techniques ap- plied toward the end of each scheme. Infrared spectrophotometry, which accounted for three pages in the first edition, has been expand- ed to 14 pages plus a table of 33 speeh'a in the appendix. This tech- nique is illustrated in the text with the authors' familiar ttow-ehart type of schematic drawing. Several gas ehromatographie ap- plications are covered, particularly those employing a pyrolysis method. The appendix also contains a table of optimum column packings. The application of nuclear magnetic res- onanee to the analysis of polyoxy- ethylenated nonionies is discussed in some detail.