336 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS APPLICATION OF RESULTS Clearly the fact that evaporation is a major cause of perfumery ingre- dient loss from laundry powders warrants investigations into the efficiency of various packaging materials. The loss of perfume can be as much as three times higher in the least suitable type of packet than some of the best packets used commercially, and the glc method can be of use in discovering the best package compromise in terms of effectiveness and cost. Another area where the glc technique has found application is in market research. The ability to analyse complete perfumes directly from a product, which is possible by attaching the glc to a mass spectrometer, permits study of perfumery chemicals used in relation to market trends and fashions. This type of information is of immense value to a company in a competitive situation. Perhaps the most valuable result of this study, however, is that it is now possible to create perfumes which are chemically stable and relatively unaffected by evaporation, even with completely new product base formula- tions. In these cases there are no historical 'data for the perfumers to call upon. More detailed investigations have shown that the materials in a complex perfume mixture behave in the same way as when ingredients are incorporated individually. Therefore it is possible to reduce the total number of analyses required by screening a large number of ingredients as a series of mixtures, thereby acquiring expert knowledge in a relatively short period. OTHER BASE APPLICATIONS All of the work described so far has been concerned with two major products, i.e. soaps and laundry powders. However, the technique has wider application and it has been generally employed in our laboratories in the analysis of perfumes and flayours in other bases. For example, it is possible to study the behaviour of flayours in toothpaste bases, perfumes in haircreams and in talcum powders, and the technique has even been used as a method of analysing the essential oil of lavandin directly from a single floret. The technique can in fact be used whenever an analysis is required of any volatile material present in a relatively non-volatile base. (Received: 30th January 1973)

BEHAVIOUR OF PERFUMERY INGREDIENTS IN PRODUCTS 337 REFERENCES (1) Stiras, J. and Demeilliers, A. Study by gas chromatography ot' odorant vapour emitted by a perfumed cake of soap. Recherches 14 33 (1964). (2) Dervichian, D. Role de la structure moleculaire dans la fixation des parrums dans le savon. La France et ses Parrums 324 (August 1961). (3) Shiftan, E. and Feinsilver, M. Practical research of the art of perfumery. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 116 692 (1964).