JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 118 Table VII Microbiological Analysis of Intact Products in Triplicate Tonic lotion Shampoo/shower gel Conditioning cream Preserv. system Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No. I 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. II 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. III 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. IV 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. V 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. VI No. VII No. VIII * TAPC = total aerobic plate count. # MV = mean value. Candida albicans. System I fulfi lled marginally criterion B in the case of the tonic lotion in the challenge test (Table IV). Systems II–IV were effective against yeast in the tonic lotion during the challenge test (Table IV) and in the in-use study (Tables V, VII, and VIII). Systems V (Figure 1e, Tables IV and VIe) and VI (Table IV) were active against Table VIII Microbiological Analysis in Triplicate Following Three Weeks of Use Tonic lotion Shampoo/shower gel Conditioning cream Preserv. system Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No. I 9500 9500 11000 10000 A.Niger No. II 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. III 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. IV 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. V 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. No. VI No. VII No. VIII * TAPC = total aerobic plate count. # MV = mean value.

ALTERNATIVES TO COSMETICS PRESERVATION 119 Anticellulite cream Cleansing milk Peeling cream Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. yeast in the O/W formulations tested. Systems VII and VIII with (0.3% w/w) levulinic acid and (0.1% w/w) p-anisic acid, respectively, preserved suffi ciently the emulsifi ed products and criterion A was fulfi lled. No contamination from the mold was detected either in the intact product or during the in-use consumer study. (Tables V, VII, and VIII). Anticellulite cream Cleansing milk Peeling cream Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis Microbiological analysis TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. TAPC* Ident. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. (cfu/g) Micr. No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# No.1 No.2 No.3 MV# 7300 9500 10200 9000 A. niger 8500 8500 9400 8800 A. niger 9200 9600 9700 9500 A. niger 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. 10 10 10 10 Abs. NA NA NA NA NA Table VII (cont’d) Table VIII (cont’d)