186 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE
Barrier Function and Immune Protection Capability of Sunscreen Formulations. Front Med (Lausanne).
2021 8(June):684665.
(7) González S, Aguilera J, Berman B, et al. Expert recommendations on the evaluation of sunscreen efficacy
and the beneficial role of non-filtering ingredients. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 9(March):790207.
(8) Middelkamp-Hup MA, Pathak MA, Parrado C, et al. Orally administered Polypodium leucotomos
extract decreases psoralen-UVA-induced phototoxicity, pigmentation, and damage of human skin. J Am
Acad Dermatol. 2004 50(1):41–49.
(9) Mulero M, Rodríguez-Yanes E, Nogués MR, et al. Polypodium leucotomos extract inhibits glutathione
oxidation and prevents Langerhans cell depletion induced by UVB/UVA radiation in a hairless rat
model. Exp Dermatol. 2008 17(8):653–658.
(10) Capote R, Alonso-Lebrero JL, García F, Brieva A, Pivel JP, González S. Polypodium leucotomos extract
inhibits trans-urocanic acid photoisomerization and photodecomposition. J Photochem Photobiol B.
2006 82(3):173–179.
(11) Zattra E, Coleman C, Arad S, et al. Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases UV-induced Cox-2
expression and inflammation, enhances DNA repair, and decreases mutagenesis in hairless mice. Am J
Pathol. 2009 175(5):1952–1961.
(12) Parrado C, Philips N, Gilaberte Y, Juarranz A, González S. Oral photoprotection: effective agents and
potential candidates. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 5(June):188.
(13) Alcaraz MV, Pathak MA, Rius F, Kollias N, González S. An extract of Polypodium leucotomos appears
to minimize certain photoaging changes in a hairless albino mouse animal model. A pilot study.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1999 15(3–4):120–126.
(14) González S, Pathak MA, Cuevas J, Villarrubia VG, Fitzpatrick TB. Topical or oral administration
with an extract of Polypodium leucotomos prevents acute sunburn and psoralen-induced phototoxic
reactions as well as depletion of Langerhans cells in human skin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed.
1997 13(1-2):50–60.
(15) Zanet J, Freije A, Ruiz M, et al. A mitosis block links active cell cycle with human epidermal
differentiation and results in endoreplication. PLOS ONE. 2010 5(12):e15701.
(16) Freije A, Ceballos L, Coisy M, et al. Cyclin E drives human keratinocyte growth into differentiation.
Oncogene. 2012 31(50):5180–5192.
(17) Sanz-Gómez N, Freije A, Ceballos L, et al. Response of head and neck epithelial cells to a DNA damage-
differentiation checkpoint involving polyploidization. Head Neck. 2018 40(11):2487–2497.
(18) Quek LS, Grasset N, Jasmen JB, Robinson KS, Bellanger S. Dual role of the anaphase promoting
complex/cyclosome in regulating stemness and differentiation in human primary keratinocytes. J Invest
Dermatol. 2018 138(8):1851–1861.
(19) Kunitski M, Eicke N, Huber P, et al. Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of
the neon dimer. Nat Commun. 2019 10(1):1.
(20) Sanz-Gómez N, de Pedro I, Ortigosa B, et al. Squamous differentiation requires G2/mitosis slippage to
avoid apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2020 27(8):2451–2467.
(21) de Pedro I, Alonso-Lecue P, Sanz-Gómez N, Freije A, Gandarillas A. Sublethal UV irradiation induces
squamous differentiation via a p53–independent, DNA damage-mitosis checkpoint. Cell Death Dis.
2018 9(11):1094.
(22) Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Ünsal-Kaçmaz K, Linn S. Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA
repair and the DNA damage checkpoints. Annu Rev Biochem. 2004 73: 39–85.
(23) Lenkiewicz AM. Epidermal stem cells. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019 1201: 239–259.
(24) Clevers H, Watt FM. Defining adult stem cells by function, not by phenotype. Annu Rev Biochem.
2018 87(1):1015–1027.
(25) Rheinwald JG. Methods for clonal growth and serial cultivation of normal human epidermal
keratinocytes and mesothelial cells. In: R Baserga, ed. Cell Growth and Division: A Practical Approach.
IRL Press 1989:81–94.
Barrier Function and Immune Protection Capability of Sunscreen Formulations. Front Med (Lausanne).
2021 8(June):684665.
(7) González S, Aguilera J, Berman B, et al. Expert recommendations on the evaluation of sunscreen efficacy
and the beneficial role of non-filtering ingredients. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 9(March):790207.
(8) Middelkamp-Hup MA, Pathak MA, Parrado C, et al. Orally administered Polypodium leucotomos
extract decreases psoralen-UVA-induced phototoxicity, pigmentation, and damage of human skin. J Am
Acad Dermatol. 2004 50(1):41–49.
(9) Mulero M, Rodríguez-Yanes E, Nogués MR, et al. Polypodium leucotomos extract inhibits glutathione
oxidation and prevents Langerhans cell depletion induced by UVB/UVA radiation in a hairless rat
model. Exp Dermatol. 2008 17(8):653–658.
(10) Capote R, Alonso-Lebrero JL, García F, Brieva A, Pivel JP, González S. Polypodium leucotomos extract
inhibits trans-urocanic acid photoisomerization and photodecomposition. J Photochem Photobiol B.
2006 82(3):173–179.
(11) Zattra E, Coleman C, Arad S, et al. Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases UV-induced Cox-2
expression and inflammation, enhances DNA repair, and decreases mutagenesis in hairless mice. Am J
Pathol. 2009 175(5):1952–1961.
(12) Parrado C, Philips N, Gilaberte Y, Juarranz A, González S. Oral photoprotection: effective agents and
potential candidates. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 5(June):188.
(13) Alcaraz MV, Pathak MA, Rius F, Kollias N, González S. An extract of Polypodium leucotomos appears
to minimize certain photoaging changes in a hairless albino mouse animal model. A pilot study.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1999 15(3–4):120–126.
(14) González S, Pathak MA, Cuevas J, Villarrubia VG, Fitzpatrick TB. Topical or oral administration
with an extract of Polypodium leucotomos prevents acute sunburn and psoralen-induced phototoxic
reactions as well as depletion of Langerhans cells in human skin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed.
1997 13(1-2):50–60.
(15) Zanet J, Freije A, Ruiz M, et al. A mitosis block links active cell cycle with human epidermal
differentiation and results in endoreplication. PLOS ONE. 2010 5(12):e15701.
(16) Freije A, Ceballos L, Coisy M, et al. Cyclin E drives human keratinocyte growth into differentiation.
Oncogene. 2012 31(50):5180–5192.
(17) Sanz-Gómez N, Freije A, Ceballos L, et al. Response of head and neck epithelial cells to a DNA damage-
differentiation checkpoint involving polyploidization. Head Neck. 2018 40(11):2487–2497.
(18) Quek LS, Grasset N, Jasmen JB, Robinson KS, Bellanger S. Dual role of the anaphase promoting
complex/cyclosome in regulating stemness and differentiation in human primary keratinocytes. J Invest
Dermatol. 2018 138(8):1851–1861.
(19) Kunitski M, Eicke N, Huber P, et al. Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of
the neon dimer. Nat Commun. 2019 10(1):1.
(20) Sanz-Gómez N, de Pedro I, Ortigosa B, et al. Squamous differentiation requires G2/mitosis slippage to
avoid apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2020 27(8):2451–2467.
(21) de Pedro I, Alonso-Lecue P, Sanz-Gómez N, Freije A, Gandarillas A. Sublethal UV irradiation induces
squamous differentiation via a p53–independent, DNA damage-mitosis checkpoint. Cell Death Dis.
2018 9(11):1094.
(22) Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Ünsal-Kaçmaz K, Linn S. Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA
repair and the DNA damage checkpoints. Annu Rev Biochem. 2004 73: 39–85.
(23) Lenkiewicz AM. Epidermal stem cells. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019 1201: 239–259.
(24) Clevers H, Watt FM. Defining adult stem cells by function, not by phenotype. Annu Rev Biochem.
2018 87(1):1015–1027.
(25) Rheinwald JG. Methods for clonal growth and serial cultivation of normal human epidermal
keratinocytes and mesothelial cells. In: R Baserga, ed. Cell Growth and Division: A Practical Approach.
IRL Press 1989:81–94.








































































