242 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE
adequate play time, should not be greasy or occlusive to the skin, should feel comfortable
to the customer, and should not sink into facial lines.5 Foundations are emulsion-based
formulations containing pigments, dispersants, emulsifiers, and preservatives, and are
applied to the skin either by hand or with the aid of a sponge or brush. Formulation of
liquid foundation is complex and difficult, and requires the right ingredients in correct
proportions to gain these characteristics.
Cosmetic formulation combines science and art in response to the unmet needs of consumers.
Raw materials are tools for creating formulation options and contribute to tactile sensory,
stability, and efficaciousness of the formulation. There are many cosmetic ingredients with
multiple functions that provide benefits to meet consumer demands.6
Magnesium myristate is a multifunctional excipient used as a binder, adherent, dispersant,
and emollient.7 In this study, an attempt was made to formulate cosmetic liquid foundation
using magnesium myristate. Its functionality in the formulation was also investigated by
utilizing D-optimal design using Design-Expert® software (Stat-Ease, Inc., Minnesota,
USA) to optimize the formulation.
MATERIALS
Magnesium myristate (new excipient) was obtained as a gift sample from Koel Colours
Private Limited, Mumbai, India. Dimethicone, propylene glycol monostearate, iron oxides,
and titanium dioxide were also obtained as a gift sample from Koel Colours Private
Limited. All other excipients used were of analytical grade.
METHODS
PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF MAGNESIUM MYRISTATE POWDER
Bulk density. Bulk density was measured by transferring the weighed amount of powder
into a measuring cylinder and the volume was noted. Average values of triplicates were
noted and expressed in g/mL.
Bulk density Weight of powder
Bulk volume =(eq. 1)
Tapped density. Tapped density was measured by transferring the weighed amount of
powder into a 100 mL measuring cylinder. The volume was noted by tapping the powder
to a constant volume. Average values of triplicates were noted and expressed in g/mL.8
Tapped density Weight of powder
Tapped volume =(eq. 2)
Carr’s index and Hauser’s index. The flowability of powder was determined by substituting
bulk density and tapped density in eq. 3 to calculate Carr’s compressibility index (CI) and
in eq. 4 to calculate Hausner ratio.9
adequate play time, should not be greasy or occlusive to the skin, should feel comfortable
to the customer, and should not sink into facial lines.5 Foundations are emulsion-based
formulations containing pigments, dispersants, emulsifiers, and preservatives, and are
applied to the skin either by hand or with the aid of a sponge or brush. Formulation of
liquid foundation is complex and difficult, and requires the right ingredients in correct
proportions to gain these characteristics.
Cosmetic formulation combines science and art in response to the unmet needs of consumers.
Raw materials are tools for creating formulation options and contribute to tactile sensory,
stability, and efficaciousness of the formulation. There are many cosmetic ingredients with
multiple functions that provide benefits to meet consumer demands.6
Magnesium myristate is a multifunctional excipient used as a binder, adherent, dispersant,
and emollient.7 In this study, an attempt was made to formulate cosmetic liquid foundation
using magnesium myristate. Its functionality in the formulation was also investigated by
utilizing D-optimal design using Design-Expert® software (Stat-Ease, Inc., Minnesota,
USA) to optimize the formulation.
MATERIALS
Magnesium myristate (new excipient) was obtained as a gift sample from Koel Colours
Private Limited, Mumbai, India. Dimethicone, propylene glycol monostearate, iron oxides,
and titanium dioxide were also obtained as a gift sample from Koel Colours Private
Limited. All other excipients used were of analytical grade.
METHODS
PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF MAGNESIUM MYRISTATE POWDER
Bulk density. Bulk density was measured by transferring the weighed amount of powder
into a measuring cylinder and the volume was noted. Average values of triplicates were
noted and expressed in g/mL.
Bulk density Weight of powder
Bulk volume =(eq. 1)
Tapped density. Tapped density was measured by transferring the weighed amount of
powder into a 100 mL measuring cylinder. The volume was noted by tapping the powder
to a constant volume. Average values of triplicates were noted and expressed in g/mL.8
Tapped density Weight of powder
Tapped volume =(eq. 2)
Carr’s index and Hauser’s index. The flowability of powder was determined by substituting
bulk density and tapped density in eq. 3 to calculate Carr’s compressibility index (CI) and
in eq. 4 to calculate Hausner ratio.9
