THE SUGAR ESTERS IN COSMETICS 255 In the future we may expect studies involving penetration through the skin, possibilities of contributing to the energy level of blood in capillaries under the skin and thereby giving a healthful appearance to the skin, their effect on the moisture content and lubricity of aged skin and their effect on the penetration of other active agents through the skin. APPICATIONS OF SUCROSE ESTERS INVOLVI•rG ZERO TOXICITY Because the sucrose esters are essentially wholesome foods and they are probably completely free of toxicity, many applications are possible which would not be permissible with the polyoxyethylene derived surfactants. 1. Digestion of fats is a serious problem for premature infants and many aged persons. Emulsification of fats by sugar esters may help to solve this problem. 2. The feeding of detergents to poultry to increase the production of meat and eggs by improving the digestibility of rations has yielded mixed results. The use of a completely nontoxic emulsifier may be the answer. 3. The widespread use of the sugar esters may eliminate present sewage disposal problems, since the sugar esters are foods and do not inhibit the growth of bacteria. 4. Many medical conditions are said to require the introduction of an immediate source of energy into the blood stream. The answer may lie in the use of sugar esters or invert sugar esters. SUMMARY The sugar esters are, indeed, new. They have been made in the labora- tory and they have been prepared in a pilot plant operation. Our evalua- tion has been only a very preliminary one. However, because their po- tential usefulness is so great, and their cost is low, there is little doubt that they will become commercially available. Potential applications include their use in heavy duty detergents. They can serve the food industry for the washing of fruits and vegetables and processing equipment, as bread softeners and as emulsifiers in margarine, as anticaking and antifoaming agents and as rehydrating agents for dehydrated foods. They can serve the pharmaceutical industrv as nontoxic, nonirritating emulsifiers of drugs to be taken orally and intravenously. They may be useful as demulsifiers in the oil fields. They are a natural for the cosmetic industry. In addi- tion to all of these applications involving surface activity, other types of sugar esters are being prepared which appear useful as drying oils, water- soluble gums, protective coatings and plastics. We believe that there is a bright future for the sugar esters. ztcknowledgment: The investigation described herein was supported by the Sugar Research Foundation, Inc., New York, N.Y.

POTENTIAL UTILITY OF ION-EXCHANGE RESINS IN ANTIPERSPIRANT-DEODORANT FORMULATIONS* By J^M:S C. WNrr:P,S Rohm & Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa. T,v. Rv. cv. Nw observations of Shelley and co-workers (1) on the com- position of apocrine sweat, coupled with an increasing awareness among dermatologists of the probable importance of the acid mantle factor in the maintenance of normal skin health, has stimulated the search for new anti- perspirant-deodorant formulations. Cosmetic chemists are looking for a combination of the following properties in such compositions: (a) High buffering capacity in the pH range of 5.0 to 6.0. (b) Strong adsorption affinity for low molecular weight fatty acids and protein degradation products. (c) Effective suppression of perspiration flow. (d) Positive inhibition of bacterial activity. (e) Long duration of desired effects. To be cosmetically acceptable, such reagents must also have a low level' of toxicity, a low incidence of irritation and they must show good compati- bility with the vehicles normally employed in the preparation of cream, spray or stick type deodorants. Thus far, no single reagent possessing all of these characteristics has been discovered. Past experience indicates that such a product will be extremely difficult to find, so research has been directed toward the selection of a minimum number of ingredients which collectively meet these criteria. Among the new reagents being investigated in this field is a group of high molecular weight, insoluble, polymeric acids and bases commonly called ion exchange resins. It is the purpose of this discussion to review briefly the important physical and chemical properties of synthetic, organic ion exchange materials and to show how the characteristics of these materi- als may perform useful functions in antiperspirant-deodorant formu- lations. * Presented at the December 15, 1955, Meeting, New York City. 256