410 JOURNAL OF TI-IE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS independent tests should be carried out by small selected Panels who are concerned only with preference of style of package and preference for ease of use from one type of package rather than another, but this Panel is not concerned with the actual user evaluation of the product. You will, I trust, realise that in this short talk I am unable to cover fully the subject of testing prior to marketing a new product. There are many extra tests which must be laid down for special products or special packing for example, I would not be satisfied with a product of the aerosol type if it had been subjected only to the tests I have described. Further, some of the tests I have spoken of would not be applicable to products of dissimilar nature to the emulsion samples taken. The object of this talk is to instil a line of thought into those of my audience who have not, perhaps, hitherto given due consideration to planned testing of new products prior to marketing, and my talk will have achieved its object if I leave the following thought in your mind. Such planning may cost several days of labour plus 30 days of waiting with a few hours of observation, and necessitates written reports but this is a small price to pay when set against the costs which can arise through inadequate experimental work and which are involved in the exchange of faulty stock a few months after the introduction of a new product plus the undeterminable cost of loss of goodwill. SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN DIPLOMA EXAMINATION, 195f) This examination was held at Acton Technical College on Monday and Wednesday, June 25 and 27, 1956. Two three-hour papers were set to candidates who had satisfactorily attended a three-year course covering the syllabus for the Diploma and had passed the session examinations held at the end of the first and second years. PAPER ONE Candidates must answer Question 1 and any FOUR other questions. Do not attempt to answer more than five questions, including Question 1. Candidates should commence each question on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Write a short account of the emulsifying agents used in toilet and cosmetic preparations.

DIPLOMA EXAMINATION 411 2. Describe the functio. g of the following substances in toilet and cos- metic creams: Beeswax, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, glyceryl monostearate, methyl cellulose, stearic acid, water. 3. What is the function of a mucilage in a lotion ? How are mucilages prepared, and what precautions must be taken in using them in the preparation of a lotion ? 4. What properties would you consider desirable in a face powder ? Describe the materials you would use in the manufacture of face powder in order to ensure such desirable properties. 5. Give details of tests you would carry out on three of the following raw materials before passing the consignment for use in face powder production: Talc, precipitated chalk, zinc oxide, zinc stearate, kaolin, magnesium carbonate. 6. What are the essential type constituents of a modern lipstick ? Give a representative formulation, and discuss the properties of the ingredients you use. 7. Discuss the control limits required for toilet soap shaving soap liquid soap. 8. How are surface-active agents classified ? Describe a typical example of each, together with practical use in formulations. 9. You are required to formulate a toothpaste. List the major groups of ingredients you would include, and state the reason(s) for their use. PAPER TWO Candidates should answer any Five- questions. Do, not attempt to answer more than five questions. Candidates should commence each question on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Discuss "blending" and "fixation" in perfumery. 2. If you were forced to use only three single ingredients (synthetic, isolate or essential oil) for each type of floral perfume, name your selected three for the following (three for each flower): (a) Rose (b) Jasmin (c) Muguet (Lily of the Valley) (d) Violet (e) Lilac (f) Hyacinth (g) Gardenia 3. Three main groups of chemicals have been used as depilatories. What are these groups ? Describe briefly the advantages or disad- vantages of each type of material from the standpoint of the cosmetic chemist.