166 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS (7) J. M. Labows Jr., "Odor Detection, Generation, and Etiology in the Axilla," in Antiperspirants and Deodorants, K. Laden and C. B. Felger, Eds. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988), pp. 321-343. (8) A. R. Cox, Efficacy of the antimicrobial agent triclosan in topical deodorant products: Recent devel- opments in vivo, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 38, 223-231 (1987). (9) J. Stellpflug, Deosprays, Oko Test, Suppl 2, 72-75 (1988). (t0) F. Enders, B. Przybilla, and J. Ring, Patch testing with fragrance mix at 16% and 8%, and its individual constituents, Contact Dermatitis, 20, 237-238 (1989). (lt) N. Lowicki, M. Sidillo, and O. Neunhoeffer, Primiir-Desodorierung, •rztl. Kosmetol., 2, 75-79 (1974). (12) R. Osberghaus, Nonmicrobicidal deodorizing agents, Cosmet. Toiletr. 95, 48-50 (1980). (13) O. Braun-Falco and H. C. Korting, Der normale pH-Wert der menschlichen Haut, Hautarzt, 37, 126-129 (1986). (14) H. C. Korting, A. Bau, and P. Baldauf, pH-Abhiingigkeit des Wachstumsverhaltens von Staphylo- coccus aureus und Propionibacterium acnes, ,•rztl. Kosmetol., 17, 41-53 (1987). (15) P.M. Baxter andJ. V. Reed, The evaluation of underarm deodorants, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 5, 85-95 (1983). (16) J. Faergemann, The use of contact plates for quantitative culture of Pityrosporum orbiculare, Mykosen, 30, 298-304 (1987). (17) C. G. Schirren, Does the glass-electrode determine the same pH values of the skin surface as the quinhydrone electrode?J. Invest. DermatoL, 24, 485-488 (1955). (18) L. Sachs, Angewandte Statistik (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984). (19) B. Ramm and G. Hofmann, Biomathematik, (Enke, Stuttgart, 1987). (20) E. A. Seitz, Jr. and D. I. Richardson, "Deodorant Ingredients," in Antiperspirants and Deodorants, K. Laden and C. B. Felger, Eds. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988), pp. 345-390. (21) Deodorant and antiperspirant formulary. Cosmet. Toiletr. 100, 65-77 (1985).

j. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 42, 167-197 (May/June 1991) Analysis of antiperspirant efficacy test results THOMAS D. MURPHY and MARK J. LEVINE, Shulton Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, Clifton, NJ 07015. Received August 1 O, 1990. Synopsis This paper discusses the statistical analysis of antiperspirant efficacy studies conducted by the gravimetric procedure. Earlier writers have disagreed on the proper utilization of baseline (pretreatment) measurements and on the form of the data analysis. We advocate the use of baseline data and show that the analysis of covariance procedure for baseline adjustment yields the most precise results for these studies. We confirm that the logarithmic transformation of sweat measurement data is necessary for valid use of parametric statistical methods. We also suggest guidelines for multitreatment studies and comment on some repeated- measures aspects of these tests. INTRODUCTION Antiperspirants are classified as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and accordingly are reg- ulated by the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for efficacy (1,2). The most commonly used efficacy test is the "gravimetric procedure," in which sweat is collected from human subjects under controlled conditions of humidity and elevated temperature. This test was brought to its present state of development by Hill Top Laboratories, and was described by Majors and Wild (4). There seems to be no standard protocol for this test, but one in common use in our laboratories is a five-day procedure. Baseline, or pretreatment, sweat measurements are taken the first day, treatment applications are made on days 2-4, and a post-treatment sweat measurement is taken on day 5. This protocol has the advantage of covering a five-day work week, with subjects spending the same amount of time (about 90 min- utes) in the lab each day. Two or three separate panels of subjects can be accommodated each week, thus making the best use of the test facilities. Thomas D. Murphy's present address is Agricultural Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, NJ 08543-0400. Mark J. Levine's present address is The Procter and Gamble Company, Sharon Woods Technical Center, 11520 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH 45241. 167