WHY WOMEN USE MAKEUP 133 Table IV Relation Between Psychometric Variables and Age Groups Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 (n = 21) (n = 14) (n = 25) (n = 10) (30.2 yr ± 4) (40.2 yr ± 3) (50 yr ± 3) (59 yr ± 3) Variables Mean ±SD Mean ±SD Mean ±SD Mean ±SD Significance STAI (T-anxiety state) 37.3 6.2 36.8 8.5 40.8 8.7 40.0 9.5 NS SEI (General self score) 18.6 4.7 18.4 4.3 17.7 4.8 17.7 5.7 NS SEI (Social self-peers score) 6.6 1.6 6.9 0.8 6.2 1.7 5.8 1.6 NS SEI (Home-parents score) 6.7 1.5 6.5 1.5 5.9 1.8 5.3 1.9 NS SEI (Academic score) 6.4 1.2 6.1 1.4 6.3 1.7 5.5 1.9 NS SEI (Total self-esteem score) 40.3 7.4 40.9 6.3 39.3 9.4 38.2 11.4 NS RAS score 19.0 20.5 22.9 24.4 14.4 20.8 8.9 27.8 NS EPI (form B) 14.1 3.7 16.4 3.6 13.8 3.2 12.8 4.3 NS Extroversion-introversion EPI (form B) 8.9 5.4 10.6 3.8 9.6 3.9 8.0 4.7 NS N euroticism-stabili ty "non-assertive," while those of class B (26.1 ± 17 .8) were labeled as "strongly assertive." The analysis of "extroversion" and "neuroticism" variables, which are two core dimen- sions of human personality, revealed some interesting results. Indeed, we observed a clear opposition in the personality traits between our two classes of volunteers. The mean neurotic ism score of class A was found to be lower than in class B (respectively, 11.9 ± 2.8 and 15.3 ± 3.6), while the mean extraversion score of class A was higher than in class B (respectively, 13.5 ± 3.4 and 7 .6 ± 3.6). This interaction between extroversion and neuroticism, known to be a strong predictor of satisfaction with life, mood, and sub- jective well-being (20), tends to show that the volunteers of class A (higher in neuroti- cism and lower in extroversion than those of class B) report more negative emotional experiences. Overall, our findings reveal a clear two-class division, with subjects of class B appearing as more sociable, optimistic, calm, emotionally stable, non-anxious, and assertive than those of class A, who are more reserved, anxious, of a lower self-esteem, and non-assertive. Concerning the subclasses of volunteers, we observed opposed personality and psycho- logical profiles (cf. Table VI). First of all, no significant differences were observed between subclasses (Bl, B2, and B3) for the STAI T-anxiety scale. For the SEI general self-esteem score, volunteers of subclass B 1 and subclass B2 expressed a significantly lower mean self-esteem score (19.4 ± 1.9 and 20.0 ± 2.1) than those of subclass B3 (23.6 ± 1). As for the assertiveness level, the RAS mean score of subclass B3 (42 ± 15.4) was significantly higher than those of subclass B2 (26.7 ± 16.5) and subclass Bl (15.3 ± 13.3). Concerning the independent dimensions of personality, the mean neuroticism- stability score of subclass B3 was found to be significantly lower than that of subclasses B2 and Bl (respectively, 3.1 ± 1.7, 9.1 ± 2.9, and 8.1 ± 3.2). Moreover, the mean extroversion scores of subclasses B3 and B2 were higher that those of subclass Bl, with scores of 1 7 ± 2. 3 and 11. 7 ± 3, respective! y. Overall, these results suggest that female subjects of subclass B3 are more sociable, optimistic, calm, emotionally stable, and assertive, with a higher self-esteem, than those of subclass B 1. In the case of the intermediate subclass B2, the volunteers had a

134 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE Variables {Fl and F2: 62.6%) B)-extraversion-introversion Fl (51.5%) Variables {Fl and F3: 60.6%) b raversion-introversion If-peers score) i._:�:_:: �� � ,:::;:::::;:�t_.� �!!:'::======�=�I (general self score) Fl (51.5%) Figure 1. PCA analysis of psychometric variables taking into account (a) two factors, Fl and F2 (62.6% of the total variance), and (b) two factors, Fl and F3 (60.6% of the total variance), based upon nine variables. A correlation circle identifies the parameters responsible for these variances.