604 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS Table XIII Shampoo Formulation and Foam Data Formulati. on 20.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 5.0 Coconut diethanolamide 0.5 Citric acid-hydrate 74.5 Demineralized water Foam Volumes (ml) without Soil Tap Water • 10% 1% Initial 1000 840 2 rain 785 660 5 min 700 630 Soft Water 10% 1% 1050 8OO 830 635 725 59O with 3% Sebum Soil, TapWater 20% 10% Initial 600 550 2 min 450 410 5 rain 430 375 •6.5 grains per gallon hardness. By way of comparison, a suggested starting formulation for a simple sham- poo and its foam data are shown in Table XIII. The finished product has a pH of 6 5 and has a viscosity of 150 cps. The foam data are comparable to those of commercial products, both alone and in the presence of sebum soil. This •s not a complete formulat!on. Various additives, such as a lanolin product, a fragrance, perhaps some protein fractions, etc., should be added. However, there are so many products which could be used, that it is beyond the scope of this paper to consider all possible shampoo additives. Table XIV shows the foam data that were obtained on three leading eom- mere:al toothpastes both in tap water and in soft water. All toothpastes were run at 10% concentration at three speeds, to take into consideration the effects which might be obtained by brushing with an electric toothbrush rather than by hand. Product C appears to have a little poorer foam stability, although it is equal in foam initially. A suggested formulation for a typical toothpaste is shown in Table XV. The foam data, shown in Table XVI, are comparable to those of the commercial products shown previousIv. In Table XVII, foam data are given for a commercial bubble bath and a foaming skin cleanser. A suggested dry bubble bath formulation and its foam- ing properties are listed in Table XVIII. The foam data of the bubble bath

FORMULATING HIGH-FOAMING COSMETIC PRODUCTS 605 Table XIV Foam Volumes (ml) of Commercial Toothpaste (10% Concentration) Tap Water •m 44 26 18 Demineralized Water rpm 44 26 18 Product A Product B Product C 1100 85o 710 935 695 565 865 635 48o 1100 1050 750 935 84o 610 865 8o5 5o5 1075 775 75o 810 62o 5o5 45o 455 33o 1100 75o 56o 915 6oo 455 85o 510 4o5 1100 55o 450 915 385 355 865 355 305 1100 675 65o 82o 510 510 5oo 38o 175 Table XV Toothpaste Formulation Dicalcium phosphate-dihydrate 41.0 Water 28.0 Glycerine 20.0 Salt 5.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.0 Dispersed silica 1.5 Carboxymethylcellulose 1.0 Saccharin 0.5 Sodium benzoate 0.5 Flavor 0.5 Total 100.0 Table XVI Foam Volume (ml) of Experimental Toothpaste, 10% Concentration Tap Water rpm 44 26 18 Demineralized Water rpm 44 26 18 Initial 2 rain 5 min 1100 l100 800 915 900 655 800 780 600 1100 915 800 1100 895 8O5 800 640 555