INHIBITION OF ODC INDUCTION 137 The correlation between the acute ODC and chronic tumor prevention assays supports the cautious use of the ODC assay as a biochemical marker to evaluate new compounds for photoprotection. Compound evaluation via measurement of acute ODC induction permits more rapid screening of materials with fewer animals than are used in the chronic assays. The most effective compounds can then be selected for confirmatory testing in chronic photoprotection assays. Since the rising incidence of skin cancer is a topic of particular concern, the ODC assay should find utility in screening of potential skin cancer preventive compounds. Likewise in human skin, use of the acute ODC assay may permit selection of photoprotective agents for chronic testing against skin cancer in people. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The data presented in Figures 1 and 2 are the result of many years of dedicated technical assistance by Mark Benzinger, Dave Heitmeyer, James McBride, Janice Stehlin, and Marcie Winslow. We would also like to thank Dr. Tom Filloon for his expert statistical analysis of the data and Dr. Gary Johnson for providing his expert histopathological analysis of the tumors. REFERENCES (1) D. L. Bissett, G. G. Hillebrand, and D. P. Hannon, The hairless mouse as a model of skin photo- aging: Its use to evaluate photoprotective materials, Photodermatol., 6, 228-233 (1989). (2) D. L. Bissett, D. P. Hannon, and T. V. Orr, An animal model of solar-aged skin: Histological, physical, and visible changes in UV-irradiated hairless mouse skin, Photochem. Photobid., 46, 367-378 (1987). (3) G. F. Bryce, N.J. Bogdan, and C. C. Brown, Retinoic acid promotes the repair of the dermal damage and the effacement of wrinkles in the UVB-irradiated hairless mouse, J. Invest. Dermatol., 91, 175-180 (1988). (4) D. H. Russell, "Ornithine Decarboxylase as a Marker of Carcinogenesis," in Handbook of Carcinogen Testing, H. A. Milman and E. K. Weisburger, Eds. (Noyes Pub., Park Ridge, NJ, 1985), pp. 464-481. (5) D. H. Russell, Ornithine decarboxylase: A key regulatory enzyme in normal and neoplastic growth, Drug Met, Rev., 16, 1-88 (1985). (6) Z. N. Canellakis, L. L. Marsh, and P. K. Bondy, Polyamines and their derivatives as modulators in growth and differentiation, YaleJ. Bid. Med., 62, 481-491 (1989). (7) J. Janne, L. Alhonen, and P. Leinonen, Polyamines: From molecular biology to clinical applications, Ann. Med. (Finland), 23, 241-259 (1991). (8) G. Scalabrino and M. E. Ferioli, Polyamines in mammalian ageing: An oncological problem, too?, Mech. Age. Dev., 26, 149-164 (1984). (9) A. E. Pegg, Polyamine metabolism and its importance in neoplastic growth and as a target for chemotherapy, Can. Res., 48, 759-774 (1988). (10) T. G. O'Brien, The induction of ornithine decarboxylase as an early, possibly obligatory, event in mouse skin carcinogenesis, Cancer Res., 36, 2644-2653 (1976). (11) T. J. Slaga, Multistage skin carcinogenesis: A useful model for the study of the chemoprevention of cancer, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 55 (Suppl. 2), 107-124 (1984). (12) T. G. O'Brien, R. C. Simsiman, and R. K. Boutwell, Induction of the polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes in mouse epidermis by tumor promoting agents, Cancer Res., 35, 1662-1670 (1975). (13) T. G. O'Brien, R. C. Simsiman, and R. K. Boutwell, Induction of the polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes in mouse epidermis and their specificity for tumor production, Cancer Res., 35, 2426--2433 (1975).
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