STABILITY OF FERULIC ACID 499 REFERENCES (1) H. Zhao, Traditional Chinese medicine: Clues for cosmetics, Cosmet. Toiletr., 101(9), 59–62 (1986). (2) M. A. Soobrattee and V. S. Neergheen, Phenolics as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: Mecha- nism and action, Mutat. Res., 579, 200–213 (2005). (3) Y. Funasaka, The depigmenting effect of α-tocophery1 ferulate on human melanoma cells, Br. J. Der- matol., 141, 20–29 (1999). (4) A. Saija, In vitro and in vivo evaluation of caffeic and ferulic acid as topical photoprotective agents, Int. J. Pharmaceut., 199, 39–47 (2000). (5) Y. Ozaki, Antiinfl ammatory effect of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 954–956 (1992). (6) H. Kikuzaki, Antioxidant properties of ferulic acid and related compounds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50(7), 2161–2168 (2002). (7) S. Okombi, Analogues of N-hydroxycinnamoylphenalkylamides as inhibitors of human melanocyte- tyrosinase, Bioorgan. Medicin. Chem. Lett., 16, 2252–2255 (2006). (8) S. Shirota, Tyrosinase inhibitors from crude drugs, Biologic. Pharmaceutic. Bull., 17(2), 266–269 (1994). (9) G. P. Rizzi and L. J. Boekley, Observation of ether-linked phenolic products during thermal degradation of ferulic acid in the presence of alcohols, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1666–1670 (1992). (10) W. Fiddler and W. E. Parker, Thermal decomposition of ferulic acid, J. Agric. Food Chem., 15, 757–761 (1967). (11) M. Klaren-De Wit, Formation of p-vinylguaiacol oligomers in the thermal decarboxylation of ferulic acid, Recueil des travaux chimiques des Pays-Bas., 90, 906–911 (1971). (12) D. A. N. Edlin and A. Narbad, The biotransformation of simple phenolic compounds by Brettanomyces anomalus, FEMS Lett., 125, 311–316 (1995). (13) Z. X. Huang and L. Dostal, Purifi cation of a ferulic acid decarboxylase from Pseudomonas fl uorescens, J. Bacteriol., 176, 5912–5918 (1994). (14) J. Overhage and H. Priefert, Biochemical and genetic analyses of ferulic acid catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. HR 199, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 4537–4847 (1999). APPENDICES APPENDIX I: COMPOSITIONS OF CREAMS 1–3 Table IX Compositions of Creams 1–3 Cream 1: W/O Cream 2: W/O Cream 3: O/W Composition %(w/w) Composition %(w/w) Composition %(w/w) F.A 1.00 F.A 1.00 F.A 1.00 Active 0.70 Active 0.80 Active Neutralizing Neutralizing Neutralizing 0.22 Charge 0.20 Charge Charge Preservative 0.60 Preservative 0.70 Preservative 0.95 Fat Fat Fat 12.00 Polymer 11.00 Polymer 4.00 Polymer 8.00 Silicone 24.00 Silicone 26.50 Silicone 13.00 Glycerin 7.00 Glycerin 5.00 Glycerin 7.00 DPPG DPPG DPPG Other solvents 62.50 Other solvents 66.50 Other solvents 64.33 Surfactant Surfactant 0.50 Surfactant Vitamin Vitamin Vitamin 0.50
JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE 500 APPENDIX II: COMPOSITIONS OF SERUMS 4–8 Table X Compositions of Serums 4–8 Serum 4: O/W Serum 5: O/W Serum 6: O/W Serum 7: W/Si Serum 8: Gel System Composition %(w/w) Composition %(w/w) Composition %(w/w) Composition %(w/w) Composition %(w/w) F.A 1.00 F.A 1.00 F.A 1.00 F.A 1.00 F.A 1.00 Active 0.10 Active Active 0.15 Active 0.10 Active 0.15 Charge Charge Charge Charge 0.10 Charge Preservative 0.90 Preservative 0.40 Preservative 0.60 Preservative 0.70 Preservative 0.50 Fat 5.50 Fat 3.00 Fat 0.50 Fat Fat Polymer 1.20 Polymer 1.10 Polymer 4.30 Polymer 2.00 Polymer 0.40 Silicone Silicone 4.75 Silicone 6.00 Silicone 20.10 Silicone Glycerin 7.00 Glycerin 3.00 Glycerin 7.00 Glycerin 23.00 Glycerin 3.00 DPPG DPPG DPPG 7.00 DPPG DPPG Other solvents 89.40 Other solvents 88.70 Other solvents 86.05 Other solvents 76.00 Other solvents 97.10 Surfactant 0.90 Surfactant 0.50 Surfactant 0.90 Surfactant Surfactant 0.85 Vitamin 1.00 Vitamin 0.55 Vitamin 0.50 Vitamin Vitamin APPENDIX III: COMPOSITIONS OF CREAM 9 AND SERUM 10 Table XI Compositions of Cream 9 and Serum 10 Cream 9: O/W Serum 10: O/W Composition %(w/w) Composition %(w/w) F.A 1.00 F.A 1.00 Active Active 0.10 Neutralizing 0.22 Neutralizing Charge Charge Preservative 0.95 Preservative 0.90 Fat 12.00 Fat 5.50 Polymer 8.00 Polymer 1.20 Silicone 13.00 Silicone Glycerin Glycerin DPPG 30.00 DPPG 30.00 Other solvents 64.33 Other solvents 89.40 Surfactant Surfactant 0.90 Vitamin 0.50 Vitamin 1.00
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