370 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE size and sclera whiteness, the variability is substantial (2.0 mm), and the mean PSE value is almost the same as that for 1.5 mm thickness. For the perceptual eye enlargement effect, there is a significant difference between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses, while there is no significant difference between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm thicknesses (Table II). Here, significant differences between the variations of 1.5 and 2.0 mm in both the eye enlargement and sclera whiteness measurements, respectively, were confirmed by F-test (eye enlargement: F =3.839, p 0.05 sclera whiteness: F =3.174, p 0.05). This result suggests that some test participants did not perceive an eye enlargement effect when the eyeliner was too thick. Figure 6. Experimental results for black eyeliners of different thicknesses: PSEs of (A) eye size and (B) sclera lightness L*. The horizontal dotted line shows the baseline (data from the original stimuli shown in Figure 3). The plotted grey markers are the average PSEs for all the subjects, and the error bars show the SE. Statistical significance of the mean PSE difference between eyeliner thicknesses evaluated by paired t-test with Holm’s correction is presented as **:p 0.01 n.s.: not significant.

371 EFFECT OF EYELINER ON THE PERCEIVED SCLERA COLOR PSYCHOPHYSICAL EXPERIMENT 2: HUE-ROTATED COLORED EYELINERS AND AN EQUAL-LIGHTNESS ACHROMATIC EYELINER The experimental results for hue-rotated colored eyeliners and an equal-lightness achromatic eyeliner are shown in Figure 7A and B, respectively. The measured PSEs of eye size are shown in Figure 7A, and the PSEs of scleral whiteness are shown in Figure 7B. The horizontal dotted line shows baseline data (data from the original stimuli shown in Figure 1). The mean ± SE of the measured PSEs for all the subjects are plotted as error bars, and the statistical significance of the difference of PSEs from baseline have been evaluated by one-sample t-test with Holm’s correction (**:p 0.01, *:p 0.05, n.s.: not significant). As evident in Figure 7A, all the eyeliners show statistically significant perceptual eye enlargement effects. Moreover, regarding the influence of the perceptual color of the sclera, red and yellow, being close in hue to skin tone, do not show any influence on perception, while the three colors that are farther in chromaticity from skin tone show a statistically significant influence on perception. The results of Experiment 1 using black eyeliners showed a similar influence on perceptual eye size and sclera whiteness. However, the results of Experiment 2 indicate that the effects of eyeliner color on the perception of sclera whiteness and eye size tend to be different. PSYCHOPHYSICAL EXPERIMENT 3: BROWN AND BLUE EYELINERS WITH TWO DIFFERENT LIGHT LEVELS Finally, the effects of brown and blue eyeliners with two different light levels on eye size and scleral whiteness were examined. The experimental results in terms of the eye size PSEs and scleral whiteness PSEs are shown in Figure 8A and B, respectively. The horizontal dotted line shows baseline data (data from the original stimuli shown in Figure 3). The mean ± SE for the measured PSEs of all the subjects are plotted as error bars, and the statistical significance of the PSE differences between eyeliners was evaluated using paired t-test with Holm’s correction (**:p 0.01, *:p 0.05, †: p 0.1). As shown in Figure Table II Statistical Significance Test Results for All Combinations of Experiment 1a (A) Eye size 0 mm 0.5 mm 1.0 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm 0 mm – 0.5 mm n.s. – 1.0 mm p 0.01 p 0.01 – 1.5 mm p 0.01 p 0.01 p 0.05 – 2.0 mm p 0.01 p 0.05 n.s. n.s. – (B) Sclera whiteness 0 mm 0.5 mm 1.0 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm 0 mm – 0.5 mm n.s. – 1.0 mm p 0.01 p 0.01 – 1.5 mm p 0.01 p 0.01 n.s. – 2.0 mm p 0.01 p 0.05 n.s. n.s. – a Table II (A) shows the p values of paired t-tests for PSEs of eye size corrected using Holm’s method. Table II (B) shows the results for sclera whiteness (n.s. =not significant).