BOOK REVIEWS 269 perfumes and aroma chemicals. The author is to be congratulated on his highly readable, concise and masterly revision and his book is thoroughly recommended. R. P. REEVES. EINF•IHRUNG IN DIE THERMISCHE VERFAHRENS- TECHNIK. P. Grassmann. Pp. xv q- 336 q- Ill. (1967). Walter de Gruyter • Co., Berlin. DM 68. This book is aimed at introducing students of thermodynamics to the conven- tional technical applications (heat exchangers, evaporators, rectifying columns,etc.). Moreover, a valuable survey is given of the contemporary developments in some of the more fascinating and sophisticated techniques, e.g. freeze drying, isotope separa- tion, ion exchange. The treatment is more rigorous than will appeal to most of our readers, and on the whole the book is likely to prove of use especially to those seeking a more general knowledge of thermodynamics than is mostly needed in cosmetic chemistry. G. CARRIERE. WASSER. K. H611. 4th Edn. Pp. xv q- 393 q- Ill. (1968). Walter de Gruyter • Co., Berlin. DM 44. Recent advances in water technology have caused Dr. H611 to completely revise his book, now in its fourth edition. Chapters included for the first time deal with pumping trials in order to establish the yield of newly sunk wells decontamination of water containing radioactive residues problems of carcogenic materials and the contributions by Dr. H. Peter on "Bacteriology of drinking water", and by Dr. D. Liidemann of "Biology of water". In the analytical section, chemical nomenclature has been brought up to date, and new testing method s are described. This book is a must for everybody concerned with water, its analysis, and tech- nology. A.H. CHARACTERISATION AND MANIPULATION OF POW- DERS. Pp. 188 q- Ill. (1967). Pharmaceutical Press, London. SOs. This is a rather extraordinary little volume, composed of material from a post-graduate study course on powder technology jointly sponsored by the Pharma- ceutical Society's Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the School of Phar- macy, University of London. A most unusual feature is that the text presents the lecture notes and other duplicated hand-outs for the course almost entirely without editing. Furthermore, these are reproduced by photolithography in what is presum- ably a reduced format, so that the print is very diminutive. The kindest thing that can be said about this approach is that a great deal of information has been collated and presented in a very compact form. A more critical view would perhaps be that it would be nice to be able to study such an excellent text with the naked eye (and 6/6 vision!), but this is only just feasible. The contents are of exceptionally high quality. Not only is the theoretical matter

270 JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMISTS adequate and well put together but it is presented largely by authors coming from outside the pharmaceutical field, so that it has an unusual breadth of concept. In addition, the course notes which provided the text are in large part composed of directions for the conduct of a considerable number of experiments. This gives a practical flavour which will be much appreciated by many readers. Topics such as particle size analysis (by a wide range of methods), angle of repose and particle flow, adhesion and cohesion, granulation, fluidised bed operation and powder mixing are all tackled in this way. It seems probable that the coverage of any one of these aspects (including the limited bibliography in each section) will be incomplete and thus inadequate for the expert or specialist its main value will most likely be in aiding the training of new graduates who have recently entered industrial develop~ ment laboratories. As a textbook, the absence of an index may prove to be an import- ant deficiency but the list of contents will help to locate most items in the body of the text. Although this is not a conventional handbook in the accepted form of presentation, the publishers are nevertheless likely to earn the gratitude of many research workers for having made the contents of the post-graduate course available to a wider audience. Only those who are short-sighted in terms of visual acuity will find it easy to read, but those who have a more long-sighted appreciation of the importance of modern powder technology will derive a good deal of benefit. N.J. VAN ABBP,. KIRK-OTHMER ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL TECH- NOLOGY. Vol. 9. Editor: A. Standen. Pp. xvi + 901 + Ill. (1966). John Wiley © Sons, New York/London/Sydney. 375s. This volume contains an excellent chapter on organic fluorine compounds (161 pages), dealing very adequately with those compounds used as aerosol propellants. Some of the information, such as the history of the organic fluorine industry, is more extensive than would normally be found in an aerosol book, and therefore all the more welcome. Misprints are few, but can cause frustration---the _Freon numbering system re- ferred to in p.705 is found in p.739 not 793. On the whole, this volume maintains the high standard expected of Kirk-Othmer, and though costly, is a must at least for all research and reference libraries. PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS. Editor: F. A. Paine. Pp. 377 d- Ill. (1967). Blackie, London/Glasgow. 70s. This book is designed as a textbook for students preparing for the Institute of Packaging Membership examination and it provides the information required for those sections of the published syllabus dealing with the manufacture and fabrication of packaging materials and containers. The book covers in some detail the major types of packaging available today, both for the consumer market and for industry. It is therefore equally useful as a textbook for any course in packaging technology and as a reference book for all engaged in this important side of business and industry. The contents are divided into sections dealing with (1) Shipping containers, (2) Retail units, and (3) Ancillary materials. The chapter on Glass containers (C. Weeden) contains a detailed description of their manufacture and of ancillary processes.