"Lateef Surma" Powder Grey Doha Pakistan 0, Zn, C (Green and (main souk) (Lahore) red box) Zn, 0, cz Zn, 0 (C, Cl)N "Lateef Surma" Powder Grey- Doha Pakistan O,C (Yellow and Black (old souk) (Lahore) ZnP red box) "Lateef Surma" Powder Black Doha Pakistan O,C (Yellow and (old souk) (Lahore) ZnP blue box) "Lateef Surma" Powder Grey- Doha Pakistan 0, Zn (C) (Grey and White (old souk) (Lahore) 0,ZnN black box) "Nirma Surmi" Powder Black Doha Pakistan Si, Ca, Mg, 0, (old souk) C, Al, Fe None Powder Grey Doha Saudi Pb, S, 0 (C) (No label) (shiny) (old souk) Arabia "Salma Surma Powder Grey- Doha Pakistan Pb, S, 0 (C) Special" (shiny) Black (old souk) Pb, S, C, oz "Shamsi Surma"** Powder Light Doha Pakistan 0, Ca, Cl, Si, Grey (old souk) (Multan, S, Na, Mn, Al Punjab) (K, C) * translated from Arabic. ** translated from Urdu. + Minor phases in parentheses are each less than 5%. ++ This refers only to information on the container or enclosed leaflet. P From a previous study on kohls from Oman (6). Q From a previous study on kohls from Cairo (7). N From a previous study on kohls from Abu Dhabi city (8). z From a previous study on kohls from the United Arab Emirates (2). Sassolite (H 3 B0 3 ) SassoliteN, z Sassolite SassoliteP Sassolite SassoliteP Sassolite SassoliteN Talc Galena Galenaz Sassolite (Graphite) (Zinc borate mono-hydrate (Zn3(B03)2.H20)) (Zinc borate mono- hydrate)N (Graphite)N, z (Amorphous carbon) (Zinc boratel (Amorphous carbonl (Amorphous carbon) (Zinc boratel (Amorphous carbonl (Graphite) (Zinc borate mono-hydrate) (Zinc borate mono-hydrate)N (Graphite)N Calcite (Quartz) (Graphite/ Amorphous carbon) (Unknown) Cerussite (Anglesite) (Unknown) (Cerussite)2 (Anglesite)2 Halite (NaCl) Quartz (Sylvite (KC!)) (Calcite(CaC03)) (Anhydrite (CaS04)) N y Described as "hot" NN, z yN,Z & "for adults" N Y** "Mixed with Y**P NP Saudi stone" N Y** "Mixed with (") Y**P NP Saudi stone" ::r: tTl � N y "Mixed with - NN yN Saudi stone" (") r (") 0 N N '""d 0 C/) -� � N N Described as 0 "athmad" z N N 0 NZ NZ 'TJ N N "Mixed with � Saudi stone" 0 ::r: r � � 0 \.jJ

Bought/ Sample name Texture Color obtained in "Ethmart" Powder Red Yemen (said to be (Saana, old no label) souk inside (Y9) city walls) "Hashmi® Kajal" Greasy Black Yemen ('real version') (Saana, souk (B&W tube) outside old (with emblem) city gate) (Y4) "Hashmi® Kajal'' Greasy Black Yemen ('fake version') (Saana, souk (B&W tube) outside old (no emblem) city gate) (YS) "Hashmi Kohl Powder Black Yemen Aswad" (Saana, souk (no emblem) outside old (Y6) city gate) None Powder Grey- Yemen (No label) (shiny) black (Aden) (Yl) None Powder Grey- Yemen (No label) (shiny) black (Aden) (Y2) None Powder Grey- Yemen (No label) (shiny) black (Saadh souk) (Y3) Table II Traditional Eye Cosmetics ("Kohls") Used in Yemen SEM Made/ (in decreasing XRPD mined in order of peak ht.) Main phase Yemen Fe, C, 0, Si, Ca, Iron oxides (Saada Al, S/Pb, P (Na) (Hematite + mountain) goethite) (Fe203 + FeO (OH)) Pakistan Zn, C, 0, S/Pb Zincite (ZnO) (Karachi) C, 0, S2 Amorphous Zn, 0, cN carbon z ZinciteN Pakistan Zn, C, 0, Zincite (Karachi) S/Pb India Zn,C,O Zincite (Mumbai) Yemen Pb, S, C, 0 Galena (mountains of N. Yemen/ Saudi Arabia) Yemen Pb, S, C, 0 Galena (mountains of N. Yemen/ Saudi Arabia) Yemen Pb, S, C, 0 Galena (mountains, north of Saana) XRPD Minor phase(s) Quartz (Si02 ) Galena (PbS) (Calcite (CaC03)) (Talc/ Alumino- silicate) (Galena) (Paraffin wax) (Paraffin wax)N, z (Amorphous carbon)N (Paraffin wax) (Galena) (Unknown) (Amorphous carbon) None (Anglesite (PbS04)) (Cerussite (PbC0 3 )) (Sphalerite (ZnS)) (Anglesite) (Cerussite) � � Data++ Data++ on on medical contents? effects? N N 0 y N C (qual.) z y z NZ NN NN t""'" 0 y N "Tj (qual.) n 0 Cf) t:d """"1 Y* Y* n (qual.) Cf) n t:d z N N n t:d N N N N