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]. Cosmet. Sci.) 59, 523-525 (November/December 2008) Abstracts International Journal of Cosmetic Science Vol. 30, No. 4, 2008* Review Article Human hair pigmentation - biological aspects D. J. Tobin Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK Correspondence: Prof. Desmond Tobin Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Uni��rsity of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire B07 I DP, UK. Tel.: +44 (0) 1274 233585 fax: +44 (0) 1274 309742· e-mail: d.tobin@bradford.ac.uk ' Skin and hair colour contribute significantly to our overall visual appearance and to social/sexual communication. Despite their shared origins in the embryologic neural crest, the hair follicle and e pidermal pigmentary units occupy distinct, although open, cutaneous compartments. They can be distinguished principally on the basis of the fonner's stringent coupling to the hair growth cycle compared with the latter's continuous melanogenesis The biosynthesis of melanin and its subsequent transfer from melanocyte to hair bulb keratinocytes depend on the availability of melanin precursors and on a raft of signal transduction pathways that are both highly complex and commonly redun dant. These signalling pathways can be both dependent and independent of receptors, act through auto-, para- or intracrine mechanisms and can be modified by hormonal signals. Despite many shared features, follicular melanocytes appear to be more sensitive than epidermal melanocytes to ageing influences. This can be seen most dramatically in hair greying/canities and this is likely to reflect significant differences in the epidermal and follicular microenvironments. The hair follicle pigmentary unit may also serve as an important environmental sensor, whereby hair pigment contributes to the rapid excretion of heavy metals, chemicals and toxins from the body by their selective binding to melanin rendering the hair fibre a useful barometer of exposures. The recent availability of advanced cell culture methodologies for isolated hair follicle melanocytes and for intact anagen hair follicle organ culture should provide the research tools necessary to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of hair follicle pigmentation. In the longer term, it may be feasible to develop hair colour modifiers of a biological nature to accompany those based on chemicals. Studying the anti-tyrosinase effect of Arbutus andrachne L. extracts R A. Issa, F. U. Afifi and B. I. Amro Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan Correspondence: Fatma U. Afifi, Faculty of Phannacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan. Tel.: +%2 6 53 55 000 fax: +962 6 53 39 649 e-mail: fatueafi@ju.edu.jo Arbutus andrachne L. is widely distributed in Jordan. Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melanin. This preliminary study was carried out to assess the possible anti-tyrosinase activity of A. andrachne extracts. Arbutin, hydroquinone and kojic acid were selected as inhibitor standards. Five different extracts (chloroform, butanol, ethanol, methanol and water) were prepared from A. andrachne stems and their activities were compared with the selected tyrosinase inhibitors. IC50 was measured for both, standard and plant extracts. Among the different extracts, the methanolic extract exhibited the highest anttyrosinase activity with an IC50 value (1 mg mL)l ). Furthermore, 9 mg A. andrachne methanolic extract showed 97.49% inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Arbutin, hydroquinone, b-sitosterol and ursolic acid were identified in the different extracts of A andrachne by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and isolated by preparative TLC from the methanolic and chloroform stem extracts, respectively. * Thes : abstracts . appear as they were originally published. They have not been edited by the Journal of Cosmetic Saence. 523