391 SKIN PERMEATION OF HAZARDOUS COMPOUNDS significant reduction of target compounds concentration for short exposition times (1 and 2 h). Nevertheless, the cosmetic effect was reduced with the time, being insignificant for 8 h exposition time. The antipollution effect of cosmetics A, B, and C at infinite dose has been evaluated by the determination of the concentration of target compounds in the receptor solution. As it can be seen in Tables IV and V, a reduced concentration was observed in cosmetic-treated 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 50 100 150 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 50 100 150 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 50 100 150 Exposig415on g415me (min) Exposig415on g415me (min) Exposig415on g415me (min) Exposig415on g415me (min) Exposig415on g415me (min) Receptor solug415on analysis STRAT-M membrane analysis Figure 4. Dermal absorption studies of selected hazardous organic compounds from cigarette smoke in finite dose conditions. Nicog415ne (μgL-1) Toluene (ng cm-2) Ethylbenzene (ng cm-2) p-Cymene (ng cm-2) Nicog415ne (ng cm-2)

392 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE experiments for 1 and 2 h exposure times. Cosmetic B reduced the concentration in the receptor solution 72% for benzene, 88% for toluene, and 29% nicotine, compared to control experiments. The effect of cosmetic C was similar with a reduced uptake of 67%, 78%, and 29% for benzene, toluene, and nicotine, respectively. While the cosmetic A showed the less antipollution effect with a reduction in the uptake of 45%, 55%, and 10% for benzene, toluene, and nicotine, respectively. However, the antipollution effect of the evaluated cosmetics was clearly reduced at exposure times higher than 4 h in infinite dose study. Nicotine uptake of cosmetic-treated membranes for long exposure times was almost similar to control experiments, indicating a saturation of the cosmetic layer with the pollutant compound. Nevertheless, antipollution effect remained for benzene Table V Concentration of Target Compounds in the Receptor Solution after Different Exposure Times at Infinite Dose Conditions in Control and Cosmetic Studies Exposure time (h) Analyte Concentration (µg L−1 ± s) Control Cosmetic A Cosmetic B Cosmetic C 1 Benzene 3.6 ± 0.4 2.4 ± 0.3 1.08 ± 0.11 1.35 ± 0.18 Toluene 4.8 ± 0.5 2.5 ± 0.3 LOD a 1.0 ± 0.2 Nicotine 29 ± 2 25 ± 3 21 ± 1 19 ± 2 2 Benzene 9.9 ± 0.6 4.3 ± 0.5 2.8 ± 0.3 2.8 ± 0.4 Toluene 13.3 ± 1.2 5.1 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.4 3.0 ± 0.2 Nicotine 169 ± 15 159 ± 14 116 ± 11 129 ± 12 4 Benzene 15.9 ± 1.3 14.3 ± 1.6 6.5 ± 0.4 11.2 ± 1.5 Toluene 24 ± 3 23 ± 2 13.3 ± 1.1 15.6 ± 1.8 Nicotine 660 ± 60 660 ± 50 630 ± 50 640 ± 30 8 Benzene 24 ± 2 20 ± 2 13 ± 2 18.6 ± 1.6 Toluene 33 ± 3 28 ± 3 18 ± 2 23 ± 2 Nicotine 1,500 ± 200 1,600 ± 140 1,300 ± 120 1,400 ± 150 a Less than limit of detection Table IV Concentration of Target Compounds in Strat-M® Membrane and the Receptor Solution after 30 min Exposure at Finite Dose Conditions in Control and Cosmetic Studies Sample Analyte Concentration (ng cm−2 ± s) Control Cosmetic A Cosmetic B Cosmetic C Strat-M® Benzene 90 ± 8 50 ± 5 35 ± 4 37 ± 3 Toluene 160 ± 20 88 ± 9 101 ± 10 65 ± 6 Ethylbenzene 55 ± 5 40 ± 4 11 ± 2 23 ± 4 m+p-xylene 400 ± 30 110 ± 10 26 ± 3 46 ± 4 o-xylene 120 ± 15 54 ± 4 40 ± 3 30 ± 3 Styrene 160 ± 14 LOD LOD a LOD p-Cymene 71 ± 9 40 ± 3 26 ± 2 10 ± 2 Limonene 500 ± 50 480 ± 20 143 ± 13 LOD Nicotine 2,500 ± 200 1,600 ± 140 1,400 ± 150 1,400 ± 130 Receptor solution Nicotine (µg L−1) 11.6 ± 1.0 7.9 ± 1.0 6.6 ± 1.1 7.5 ± 1.1 a Less than limit of detection