FRAGRANCE COMPLEXITY, FAMILIARITY, AND PLEASANTNESS 87 Table II Familiarity Ratings Familiarity Solutions Creams Material M F M F Linalyl acetate 1.85 1.62 2.13 2.02 (1.77) (1.30) (1.54) (1.90) Ylang Ylang oil 3.14 2.08 2.95 2.65 (1.58) (1.78) (2.74) (1.86) Musk 2.73 2.52 2.46 2.39 (1.53) (1.79) (1.77) (1.63) Lavender bouquet 2.66 3.47 2.98 3.66 (2.09) (1.57) (1.61) (1.90) Women's fragrance 2.91 3.83 3.57 3.62 (1.99) (1.95) (2.01) (1.65) Alpha Ionone 2.63 2.88 2.72 2.50 (1.91) (1.85) (1.62) (1.88) Patchouli oil 2.43 5.67 3.06 3.08 (1.79) (2.01) (2.18) (2.02) Geranium oil 2.41 3.32 2.11 3.83 (2.04) (1.80) (1.68) (3.00) Peach base 4.14 4.85 3.94 4.39 (2.00) (1.35) (1.93) (1.89) Men's fragrance 3.47 4.35 4.14 4.04 (2.14) (1.83) (2.06) (1.63) Mean scores and standard deviations (in parentheses) of male (M) and female (F) respondents. 1 = low familiarity, 7 = high familiarity. (solutions) and V B (creams). The total population data from Table V are presented graphically in Figure 2a through 2d. The rank order correlations (Spearman rho) between perceived complexity, familiarity, and preference were calculated for the male and female sub-groups separately, both for the solutions and the creams (Table VI). DISCUSSION COMPLEXITY In confirmation of the findings of our earlier study, the differences between the complexity scores obtained for some of the substances tested were significant. The complexity question (which mixture contains more different components?) is meaning- ful to untrained respondents, and there is reasonable communality in the responses. As shown in Table VI, the findings that the male respondents (but not the females) gave a significant negative correlation between perceived complexity and preference, that they, in other words, preferred the substances which they regarded as simple, was confirmed in this study. Likewise, the finding that the female respondents (but not the male ones) gave a significant positive correlation between familiarity and preference was confirmed. The degree of discrimination between the stimuli in terms of complexity was less in this

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