204 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE (60) W. Gehring, R. Bopp, et al., Effect of topically applied evening primrose oil on epidermal bar­ rier function in atopic dermatitis as a function of vehicle, Arzneimittelforschung, 49, 635-642 (1999). (61) T. Agner, An experimental study of irritant effects of urea in different vehicles, Acta Derm. Venereal. l 77(Suppl.), 44-46 (1992). (62) F. Pasche-Koo, P.A. Piletta, et al., High sensitization rate to emulsifiers in patients with chronic leg ulcers, Contact Dermatitis, 31, 226--228 (1994). (63) S. 0. Funk and H. I. Maibach, Propylene glycol dermatitis: Re-evaluation of an old problem, Contact Dermatitis, 31, 236-241 (1994). (64) A. M. Kligman, "The Myth of Lanolin Allergy: Lanolin Is Not a Contact Sensitizer, in The Lanolin Book (Beierdsorf, Hamburg, 1999), pp. 161-175. (65) E. W. Clark, E. Cronin, et al., Lanolin with reduced sensitizing potential: A preliminary report, Contact Dermatitis, 3, 69-73 (1977). (66) E.W. Clark, "The History and Evolution of Lanolin," in The Lanolin Book (Beiersdorf, Hamburg, 1999), pp. 15-50. (67) E.W. Clark, Estimation of general incidence of specific lanolin allergy, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 26, 323-335 (1975). (68) L. K. Dotterud and E. S. Falk, Contact allergy in relation to hand eczema and atopic diseases in north Norwegian schoolchildren, Acta Paediatr., 84, 402-406 (1995). (69) F. Giordano-Labadie, F. Rance, et al., Frequency of contact allergy in children with atopic dermatitis: Results of a prospective study of 137 cases, Contact Dermatitis, 40, 192-195 (1999). (70) A. Kligman, Regression method for assessing the efficacy of moisturizers, Cosmet. Toiletr., 93, 27 (1978). (71) J. Moss, The effect of three moisturisers on skin surface hydration, Skin Res. Technol., 2, 32 (1996). (72) E. N. Petersen, The hydrating effect of a cream and white petrolatum measured by optothermal infrared spectrometry in vivo, Acta Derm. Venereal., 71, 3 73-3 76 (1991). (73) E.W. Clark, Short-term penetration of lanolin into human stratum corneum,j. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 43, 219 (1992). (74) P. Elias, M. Mao-Quiang, et al., "The Epidermal Permeability Barrier: Effects of Physiologic and Non-Physiologic Lipids," in The Lanolin Book (Beiersdorf, Hamburg, 1999), pp. 253-278. (75) G. Sauermann and V. Schreiner, "The Skin Caring Effect of Topical Products Containing Lanolin Alcohols," in The Lanolin Book (Beiersdorf, Hamburg, 1999), pp. 217-235. (76) D.S. Morrison, "Petrolatum," in Dry Skin and Moisturizers, M. Loden and H. I. Maibach, Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000), pp. 251-257. (77) L. Rigano and P. Muukkonen, Problem solving emollients: High-tech hydrogenated polydecenes in diseased skin treatment. 20th Worldcongress of Dermatology, Paris, 2002 (2002). (78) M. Foldvari, Effect of vehicle on topical liposomal drug delivery: Petrolatum bases,]. Microencapsul., 13, 589-600 (1996). (79) A. P. Lazar and P. Lazar, Dry skin, water, and lubrication, Dermatol. Clin., 9, 45-51 (1991). (80) K. I. O'Goshi, N. Tabata, et al., Comparative study of the efficacy of various moisturizers on the skin of the ASR miniature swine, Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol., 13, 120-127 (2000). (81) M. Loden and M. Lindberg, The influence of a single application of different moisturizers on the skin capacitance, Acta Denn. Venereal., 71, 79-82 (1991). (82) G. Pellacani, B. Belletti, et al., Evaluation of the short-term effects of skin care products: A com­ parison between capacitance values and echographic parameters of epidermal hydration, Curr. Prob!. Dermatol., 26, 177-182 (1998). (83) R. Ghadially, L. Halkier-Sorensen, et al., Effects of petrolatum on stratum corneum structure and function, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 26, 387-396 (1992). (84) S. M. Schleicher, H.J. Milstein, et al., Response of hand dermatitis to a new skin barrier-protectant cream, Cutis., 61, 233-234 (1998). (85) A. J. Nopper, K. A. Horii, et al., Topical ointment therapy benefits premature infants, J. Pediatr., 128, 660-669 (1996). (86) R. Zimmermann, "(The rabbit ear model as comedogenic test. 3. Histologic and enzyme histochem­ ical studies of the follicle and sebaceous gland epithelium], Dermatol. Monatsschr., 176, 55-61 (1990). (87) J.E. Fulton, Jr., S. R. Pay, et al., Comedogenicity of current therapeutic products, cosmetics, and ingredients in the rabbit ear,]. Am. Acad Dermatol., 10, 96-105 (1984).
ROLES OF VEHICLES FOR SKIN TREATMENT 205 (88) S. B. Frank, Is the rabbit ear model, in its present state, prophetic of acnegenicity?]. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 6, 373-377 (1982). (89) M. R. Odio, R. J. O'Connor, et al., Continuous topical administration of a petrolatum formulation by a novel disposable diaper. 1. Effect on skin surface microtopography, Dermatology, 200, 232-23 7 (2000). (90) M. R. Odio, R. J. O'Connor, et al., Continuous topical administration of a petrolatum formulation by a novel disposable diaper. 2. Effect on skin condition, Dermatology, 200, 238-243 (2000). (91) P. M. Elias and K. R. Feingold, Lipids and the epidermal water barrier: Metabolism, regulation, and pathophysiology, Semin. Dermatol., 11, 176-182 (1992). (92) N. Y. Schurer and P. M. Elias, The biochemistry and function of stratum corneum lipids, Adv. Lipid Res., 24, 27-56 (1991). (93) K. R. Feingold, M. Q. Man, et al., Cholesterol synthesis is required for cutaneous barrier function in mice,]. Clin. Invest., 86, 1738-1745 (1990). (94) W. M. Holleran, M. Q. Man, et al., Sphingolipids are required for mammalian epidermal barrier function: Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis delays barrier recovery after acute perturbation,]. Clin. Invest., 88, 1338-1345 (1991). (95) M. Mao-Qiang, P. M. Elias, et al., Fatty acids are required for eipidermal permeability barrier function,]. Clin. Invest., 92, 791-798 (1993). (96) P. M. Elias and G. K. Menon, Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal perme­ ability barrier, Adv. Lipid Res., 24, 1-26 (1991). (97) G. K. Menon, K. R. Feingold, et al., Lamellar body secretory response to barrier disruption,]. Invest. Dermatol., 98, 279-289 (1992). (98) M. Fartasch, I. D. Bassukas, et al., Structural relationship between epidermal lipid lamellae, lamellar bodies and desmosomes in human epidermis: An ultrastructural study, Br.]. Dermatol., 128, 1-9 (1993). (99) P. M. Elias, Stratum corneum architecture, metabolic activity and interactivity with subjacent cell layers, Exp. Dermatol., 5, 191-201 (1996). (100) G. K. Menon, K. R. Feingold, et al., De novo sterologenesis in the skin. II. Regulation by cutaneous barrier requirements,]. Lipid. Res., 26, 418-427 (1985). (101) C. Thornfeldt, "Critical and Optimal Molar Ratios of Key Lipids," in Dry Skin and Moisturizers, M. Loden and H. I. Maibach, Eds. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000). (102) L. Yang, M. Mao-Qiang, et al., Topical stratum corneum lipids accelerate barrier repair after tape stripping, solvent treatment and some but not all types of detergent treatment, Br.]. Dermatol., 133, 679-685 (1995).
Previous Page Next Page