2007 ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING 171 P53 expression was very low on all sunscreen treated sites. Much higher expression was seen on the vehicle sites but with high inter-person variation. Significant protection (p 0.01) was seen only at day 11. There was no difference in BCL-2 expression between the 0MED control and any other site and no sunburned cells were seen on any site. Regarding the immune status we saw a time-dependent trend for depletion of LC with the vehicle that was significantly different from 0 MED and the sunscreen treated sites at days 11 and 12 (Figure 3). Q rn +I ,c 4 5d-SS 5d-VC 11d-SS 11d-VC 12d-SS 12d-VC OMED Figure 3: Sunscreen (SS) application prevents LC depletion analyzed by CD1a as marker. (VC) = vehicle control The sunscreen protected sites were not significantly different for LC from the not radiated control at any time point. There was a high inter-personal variation within the epidermal proliferation marker (MIB1 ), even with the not radiated control site. Sunscreen values were lower but not significantly so. In line with MIB1 the mean number of viable cell layers was not affected by any treatment as well. Conclusions Despite the low radiation dosis thymine dimers were formed Jans et al. showed in 2005 that thymine dimmers are the basis for skin mutations and could lead to skin cancer. Comparisons at all 3 time points showed a very significant (p generally 0.01) reduction of thymine dimers in sunscreen groups compared with their vehicle controls. There is considerable evidence that the thymine dimers in particular initiate erythema and our data support this. The cellular response in addition to thymine dimer formation is regulated by p53 with two competing protection mechanisms: DNA repair or apoptosis (SBC) (Melnikova and Ananthaswamy, 2005). Unfortunately in our study we surprisingly saw no induction of apoptosis or formation of SBCs. The depletion of antigen presenting Langerhans cells, along with the influx of Cb11 b macrophages is important in the immunomodulatory effects of UVR (Meunier et al., 1995). The vehicle control data show a time-dependent depletion of LC that was totally prevented by the sunscreen. The MIB1 data suggest that all treatments continue their epidermal proliferation though the large interpersonal variation meant no treatment was significantly different from any other or from the no radiation control. This was supported by the epidermal layer data. These data indicated that a protective mechanism such as a stop of epidermal proliferation failed to be triggered. In conclusion, daily sub-erythemal SSR exposure in skin types 1/11 clearly resulted in clinical, cellular and molecular damage. Much of this damage, and in some cases all of it, can be inhibited already by a low SPF sunscreen that may be effective in the prevention of long-term photo damage, including skin cancer. It is worthwhile to note that particularly sub-erythemal radiation is able to cause skin damage however, some protective mechanisms like proliferation stop, apoptosis and epidermal thickening are not triggered. Therefore, in conclusion, it is recommended to use UV protection also in daycare, as well as to animate the consumer to use sufficient application amounts and higher SPF's in recreational sun care.

172 JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE THE ROLE OF HVDIWLVZED ]OJOBA ESTERS COMPLEX IN AN ALCOHOL GEL SANITIZER ON THE SKIN CONDITION OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS (HCWJ WITH CHRONIC HAND DERMATITIS Lawrence A. Rheins, Ph.D., Mary F. Fredenberg, MD, Brooke Marshall, Grace Hastings, John Hill and David Ashley Floratech International Introduction The repeated use of ethanol sanitizer products sometimes as high as 50 or more times during the work day essentially strips the stratum comeum of essential lipids leading to loss of normal homeostatic barrier function. The loss of a competent barrier begins the cascade towards inflammation and in some cases the eventual harboring of transient pathogenic organisms. Jojoba (Simmondsia chinenis) is a perennial arid shrub grown in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Israel, Australia, and the Sonora desserts of Northwest Mexico, and Arizona. Jojoba oil, a straight chain wax ester of 36 to 46 carbons in length, is uniformly composed of a long chain fatty acid, and fatty alcohol joined by an ester bond. The fatty acid mixture of eicosenoic, docosenoic and oleic of jojoba is chemically similar to human sebum. Jojoba's unique chemistry also possesses robust oxidative stability thereby diminishing free radical activity and providing extensive emollient properties when used in commercial skin, hair and nail care products. In addition to jojoba's reported moisturizing effect on the stratum comeurn, studies have demonstrated multiple anti-inflammatory functions including down regulation of nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-a. The purpose of this study was to further elucidate whether an alcohol gel hand sanitizer supplemented with a natural botanical could reduce the symptoms in dermatologist diagnosed chronic hand irritant dermatitis in HCW's, and in doing so provide a topical formulation that would assist with hand-hygiene compliance in multiple health care settings. Methods: We enrolled 14 HCW's (10 hospital nurses, 3 group practice pediatric nurses, 1 physician assistant) ranging in age from 23-65 years old, with physician diagnosed chronic hand dermatitis of moderate involvement (average 13 years of disease duration). The study was conducted under Good Clinical Practices (GCP), including the study protocol being reviewed by an outside institutional review board. In addition to signing an Infonned Consent and completing a brief dermatologic history, the subjects underwent a Physician Assessment (PA) of their hands prior to commencement of the study. The study subjects were required to demonstrate at least a score of 2 (0-4 scale) in 4 out of 7 criteria: erythema, scaling, fissuring, x:erosis, edema, vesiculation, and lichenification. Three days prior to the study and for duration of the 14 day study, subjects were prohibited from using any other topical treatment to their hands (e.g. moisturizers, corticosteroids, topical NSAIDS, topical retinoids, and calcineurin inhibitors). During the three day 'wash-out" the study subjects used only Cetaphil Cleanser Bar (Galderma Laboratories, L.P., Fort Worth, TX) to provide general acclimation of the subjects' skin condition, prior to use of the gel sanitizer. At baseline, following the physician examination, close-up digital images were obtained of the palmar, and dorsal surface of the hands with a Nikon D70S digital SLR camera fitted with a Nikon AF I 05mm close-up lens with synchronized flash. A 61 % ethanol gel formulation was prepared consistent with the required CDC hand-hygiene guidelines, supplemented with jojoba esters. In vitro anti-bacterial efficacy tests revealed that the jojoba derivatives did not interfere with TFM requisite ethanol disinfectant effect. In addition to the clinical and photographic evaluation, additional objective quantification of the skin barrier, evaporative water loss was evaluated by transepidermal water loss TEWL (TM 300 Tewameter, Courage-Khazaka, Koln, Germany). TEWL measurements were obtained at baseline, day 7, and 14 in a temperature and humidity controlled room (i.e. 20-22°C, relative humidity 30-40%). Subjects were requested to sit quietly for approximately 15 minutes in the environmentally controlled room prior to any TEWL measurements being recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a student's t test to evaluate significance of differences between categorical variables. Alpha was set at 0.05, and all tests performed were two-tailed.